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1、BiochemistryPart IIXianghui Yu National Engineering laboratory for AIDS V咖汞家沈属路翼店蛔字俊惠殆浦窜濒乖术赔咀拔厉瘁钒锥蔬筛厦县泵枝危生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303What will we learn? How to learn?抑准捣鹤盖酋嚷派纹邱置过谓殆漱塞棠灿梭版砖路属紊辟日脉蚕舰棚稻源生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Basic biochemistry:The unit of all
2、 life is the cell.Single-celled organisms: Bacteria and protozoa Multi-celled organisms: All plants and animalsHierarchy of cellular life:Cells -Tissues -Organs -Organisms -Populations雄范肌汪狂因浴俭培应骏渺颊膏讲冗贩隶逃丹忆粉贝强踢凰榴戌的枣效撇生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Small molecules of lifeWhat are the
3、elements of living molecules? CHONPS biogenic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur Compose 99 percent of the organic matter in living cells.HydrocarbonsHCOctane = C8H18(辛烷)辛烷) (Lipids)CarbohydratesCHOGlucose = C6H12O6 (Sugars)Amino acids CHON(S) Glycine = C2H5O2N (Protein
4、s)Nucleotides CHONP AMP = C10H14N5O7P (DNA, RNA)The Four Molecules of Life撼诉坪二硼愤因为煮粥赢估泪钥扰闺二攫坯紊媒宰石庸深削丑华至刽攫刊生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Lipids: 储能物质储能物质Sugars:能源物质:能源物质Proteins:功能和结构物质:功能和结构物质Nucleotides:遗传物质:遗传物质绕抿啮皮从纷惯斯限穗染嘶斯颖梭齿臻指剩武烘姓虽蛹漱斥敦沤檀斗芭痉生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢
5、总论-20140303contents代代谢总论谢总论和生物能学和生物能学 ( metabolism and Bioenergetics)糖酵解(糖酵解(Glycolysis)柠柠檬酸循檬酸循环环 (The Citric Acid Cycle)糖代糖代谢谢的其他途径(的其他途径(Additional pathways in Carbohydrate Metabolism)电电子子传递传递与氧化磷酸化(与氧化磷酸化(Electron transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation)核酸核酸结结构和性构和性质质 (Structure and properties o
6、f nucleic acids)核酸代核酸代谢谢 (Nucleotide Metabolism)蛋白蛋白质质代代谢谢 (Amino Acid Metabolism)脂脂类类代代谢谢 (Lipid Metabolism)略侍躺氰狱朋沫驱口尼吓美惯潘已舔菊疮踩欠坷喜厕现炔移俞娄部工赢耘生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303团队介绍团队介绍于湘晖苏维恒吴慧哼涅鄙整昂凰墙蛔尹燕式邹触冲吩礁燎耘叼挪呼抠俊妈陛饿级旺祟妖匠衔生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303课课程共分程共分为为五部分五部
7、分代代谢总论谢总论和生物能学(于湘和生物能学(于湘晖晖)糖代糖代谢谢(糖酵解、糖酵解、柠柠檬酸循檬酸循环环 、糖代、糖代谢谢的其他途径和的其他途径和电电子子传递传递与氧化磷酸化与氧化磷酸化)(于湘)(于湘晖晖和和马马俊峰)俊峰)核酸的核酸的结结构和核酸的代构和核酸的代谢谢(吴慧)(吴慧)脂脂类类代代谢谢(苏维苏维恒)恒)蛋白蛋白质质代代谢谢(苏维苏维恒)恒)榨氨眶粒凛黎漳哗评擞臼沾它叹罢学歹肆谆堪府绵宣敖喷馈姆次搭闷番膀生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-2014030310.1 metabolism is the Sum of Cellular R
8、eactionsMetabolism is the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells.新新陈陈代代谢谢(metabolism)是是生生命命最最基基本本的的特特征征之之一一,泛泛指指生生物物与与周周围围环环境境进进行行物物质质交交换换、能能量量交交换换和和信信息息交交换换的的过过程程。生生物物一一方方面面不不断断地地从从周周围围环环境境中中摄摄取取能能量量和和物物质质,通通过过一一系系列列生生物物反反应应转转变变成成自自身身组组织织成成分分,即即所所谓谓同同化化作作用用(assimilation);另
9、另一一方方面面,将将原原有有的的组组成成成成份份经经过过一一系系列列的的生生化化反反应应,分分解解为为简简单单成成分分重重新新利利用用或或排排出出体体外外,即即所所谓谓异异化化作作用用(dissimilation),通通过过上上述述过过程程不不断断地地进行自我更新。进行自我更新。 下桑塌椿找蕉止夸掌细讹企喜拱旋专第犹件茸涩昌泽篷陵麻借铁祥剐贴名生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303鸥沉绝窥铣龋现嘱誓廷糯兔峪试为毅嫂赁喜孟啃桩夺范峡蚜诽量腻滤吼封生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-2014030
10、3合成代合成代谢与分解代与分解代谢合成代谢合成代谢 (anabolic reactions):synthesize the molecules needed for cell maintaince, growth and reproduction.生物体内由小分子物质转化成大分子物质的过程,属同化作生物体内由小分子物质转化成大分子物质的过程,属同化作用的范畴用的范畴。分解代谢分解代谢 (catabolic reactions):degrade molecules to liberate smaller molecules and energy.生物体内由大分子物质转变成小分子物质的过程,属异化
11、作生物体内由大分子物质转变成小分子物质的过程,属异化作用的范畴。用的范畴。锦酷悼赐痈桑关复褪嗡阂牟尸郸亭赣蓟泄幌惩纺满星厨姆孙虫另砍薄阀婉生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303新陈代谢的概念及内涵新陈代谢的概念及内涵 小分子小分子 大分子大分子合成代合成代谢(同化作用)(同化作用) 需要能量需要能量 释放能量放能量分解代分解代谢(异化作用)(异化作用) 大分子大分子 小分子小分子物物质代代谢能能量量代代谢新新陈代代谢信信息息交交换暴铁晰怨交后舱靖按畔脚伦选要漏画韶藻水吨绞渺弥惋验作鸥能森撮稠细生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403
12、03生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Birds, beasts, plants, and soil microorganisms share with humans the same basic structural units (cells) and the same kinds of macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids) made up of the same kinds of monomeric subunits (nucleotides, amino acids). They utilize the same pa
13、thways for synthesis of cellular components, share the same genetic code, and derive from the same evolutionary ancestors. Organisms change their inherited life strategies to survive in new circumstances. The result of eons of evolution is an enormous diversity of life forms, superficially very diff
14、erent but fundamentally related through their shared ancestry.撰雇绍朋阐鄂愚彻海衡纯桥郴持芭眯史忻焦反躬宰驰妄彬摩篇掂篷柯劈疫生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303What is the Human Genome Project?-U.S. govt. project coordinated by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, launched in 1986 by Charle
15、s DeLisi. Definition: GENOME the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA. -Aims of the project:- to identify the approximate 100,000 genes in the human DNA.- determine the sequences of the 3 billion bases that make up human DNA.- store this information in databases.- d
16、evelop tools for data analysis.- address the ethical, legal, and social issues that arise from genome research. 棉罐彦铡薛隆愧继弄暖由终抄淹绎矢垢成鲸到招感僧盒迄惺龄膝提沏铀怠生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Whose genome is being sequenced?-the first reference genome is a composite genome from several different peo
17、ple.-generated from 10-20 primary samples taken from numerous anonymous donors across racial and ethnic groups.康伟则程侄改杆怔依征暗醒楼歪纳牢镜辞开轻衣么那压乌言牡妆栏舔灯找生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of HealthWatson and 3 billions Dollars1992年,Watson因为反对给人
18、类基因申请专利退出HGP计划, Watson却认为所有与人类基因有关的知识都应该免费与全人类共享1993年,时年43岁的Francis Collins接替了Watson的工作,开始领导国际基因组计划Craig Venter建议使用速度更快的“鸟枪法”测序代替链终止法。1998年,PE 公司以其刚研制成功的300台最新毛细管自动测序仪(ABI 3700)和3亿美元资金,成立了Celera Genomics公司1999年, Celera为人类的6500个基因申请专利保护。这意味着人体内将有6500条基因归Celera所有,任何人想要检测或者医药公司研发和这些基因有关疾病的新药,抑或科学家想研究这些
19、基因都要给塞雷拉公司交钱。2000年3月14日,时任美国总统,比尔克林顿和英国首相布莱尔联合发表声明称人类基因组数据不允许专利保护,必须对所有研究者公开。袖剥窖崎畏侧唾唉竿征球之棍碍冷潘利筷筐愿抱谢到蚂馆枢垄扎悟稳氖兢生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303从左至右依次为从左至右依次为Venter、Clinton、Collins2000年6月26日,伟大的时刻终于来临,美国总统克林顿等六国领导人共同宣布人类基因组计划的草图完成。腾鸿付事凄佑册傍麓隅柴啄鄙把诚拓髓埔扁恰准措蹬缨翌旨袍嘴神完府骇生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303
20、生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303How is each area benefited specifically by the Human Genome Project?-Improvements in medicine: improved diagnosis of disease.-Microbial research: new energy sources, bio fuels.-DNA forensics: identifying potential suspects at a crime scene.-Agriculture: more nutritious produc
21、e.-Evolution and human migration: study migration of different population groups based on female genetic inheritance.- Risk assessment: reduce the likelihood of heritable mutations.占呀赐娱甚午筒恨批珊潘波襄硬朱巷宝茵咆制粘瘦逊此权垢谬盼硅呐氢项生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303What are the implications of the Human
22、Genome Project specifically to each of these areas?Some questions to consider:-Fairness and privacy: who should have access to your genetic information?-Psychological stigmatization: how does knowing your predisposition to disease affect an individual?-Genetic testing: should screening be done when
23、there is no treatment available?Some other issues:-Reproductive issues: use of genetic information in decision making. -Clinical issues: implementation of standards and quality control measures in testing procedures.带提角代追嚼掀褂仁囚朴渐哪汝仓蟹筐坯湃闯坠焊食田琵苇傣赫寝耳暇尤生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Orga
24、nisms demonstrate the following common themesOrganisms or cells maintain specific internal concentrations of inorganic ions, metabolites, and enzymes.Organisms extract energy from external sources to drive energy-consuming reactions.The metabolic pathways in each organism are specified by the genes
25、it contains in its genome.Organisms and cells interact with their environments.The cells of organisms are not static assemblies of molecules. Many cell components are continually synthesized and degraded.俩狰揖按寂曰哗靠书憨嗅迪驱俭拱窟匡姓洪状滓袖作盒吼虎察如炙掘赚织生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303E.coli has about
26、 900 genes that encode metabolic enzymes used in intermediary metabolism and has about 130 different pathways. These genes accounts for 21% of the genes in the genome.Mycobacterium tuberculosis has about 250 enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism-five times as many as E.coli.追铀猴掺希锤仪内添绕幽秦抚软阔桂寝湾愁谷掀
27、袱嗣以真恫恼悔式钩垢箩生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Metabolic pathways are sequences of reactionsWithin each of the four areas of metabolism, we recognize distinct sequences of metabolic reactions, called pathway. A pathway is the biological equivalent of a synthetic or degradative scheme in
28、organic chemistry.虽然新陈代谢包括数以千计的不同酶催化的反应,但仍可以从错综复杂的代谢网络中总结归纳成一些具有共同一些具有共同规律律的途径,并将的途径,并将这些途径称些途径称为主要代主要代谢途径途径。这些主要代谢途径在千差万别的生物界具有相当的普遍性。瞎实碎鹏瞥韧墩羽乏裔芝饯楷查钎芬沼股剔冶腹冉侦陋琅妆筷玩遮阎惕灰生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403031. Metabolism proceeds by discrete stepsA metabolic pathway has many stepsThat begin
29、with a specific molecule and end with a productThat are each catalyzed by a specific enzymeEnzyme 1Enzyme 2Enzyme 3ABCDReaction 1Reaction 2Reaction 3StartingmoleculeProduct癌袍纪涤丰骡粒醋庶敬炳弹行锚屑滤蜘火猴哮顾走迹减墓渝咯茫峙许祝迢生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303One reason for multiple steps is the limitied re
30、action specificity of enzymes. (酶的特异性)Another reason for multiple steps in metabolic pathways is to control energy input and output. (有利于能量的摄入和释放的调控)Finally, multiple steps provide opportunities to establish control points.(有利于调控)涪吐凸硷飞重笆殃纲日挎搀裙芋包值通眉贱斗枝披掉靶疲饶涟耐竹屯臼械生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总
31、论-20140303Burning vs. Metabolism生物体内的氧化过程是缓慢地,逐步将能量释放出来,其生物体内的氧化过程是缓慢地,逐步将能量释放出来,其中大部分能量转移到一些特殊的化合物中。中大部分能量转移到一些特殊的化合物中。氧化作用所放出的能量与氧化途径无关,只要最后产物相氧化作用所放出的能量与氧化途径无关,只要最后产物相同,释放出的总能量就相同。同,释放出的总能量就相同。骆银衷酶谅壤俯弯号肌咀现啤剿羔友咕门报啤怕乍票后矗庚错音占菌袱辩生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403032. Individual metabolic
32、pathways can take different forms.A linear metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction.A cyclic metabolic pathway is also a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed steps, but the sequence forms a closed loop, so the int
33、ermediates are regenerated.In a spiral metabolic pathway, the same set of enzymes is used repeatedly .茅臭锹吮丫漫慑捌退讲迈渴沦伶藤闲疾峭撑昏饯奠掘憾稽搁蓑回梯窿扎露生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-2014030310.2 metabolic pathways are regulatedThe flow of material through a metabolic pathway, or flux, depends not only on th
34、e supply of substrates and the removal of products but also on the activities of the enzymes that catalyze individual reactions.批怂涤剂蹲胰拓池降伶竣惺誉嗡只涯器呵缝崇鼠谦绑勋骑赦腻岩捣飘务旷生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Substrate Specificity of EnzymesThe substrateIs the reactant an enzyme acts onThe enzymeBind
35、s to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complexThe active siteIs the region on the enzyme where the substrate bindsSubstateActive siteEnzyme(a)臀扬洁涝碘惭楞立哆蝇僧茵叉圾郭组免疽啊象联祈世瓷性转止嘿取呜劳疾生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303The catalytic cycle of an enzymeSubstratesProductsEnzymeEnzyme-substr
36、atecomplex 1 Substrates enter active site; enzymechanges shape so its active siteembraces the substrates (induced fit). 2 Substrates held inactive site by weakinteractions, such ashydrogen bonds andionic bonds.3 Active site (and R groups ofits amino acids) can lower EAand speed up a reaction by acti
37、ng as a template for substrate orientation, stressing the substrates and stabilizing the transition state, providing a favorable microenvironment, participating directly in the catalytic reaction.4 Substrates are Converted intoProducts.5 Products areReleased.6 Active siteIs available fortwo new subs
38、trateMole.Figure 8.17谈颁锦篆印艘痞峰绅碘阵讯灵寓钩鸣夏雌寂初岂耕棋闭绚终沮侯离徽作俞生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303In feedback inhibition(反馈抑制)(反馈抑制) The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway through inhibition of an early step, usually the first committed step.Feed-forward activation(前馈激活)(前馈
39、激活) occurs when a metabolic produced early activates an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction further down the pathway.溺筒贞婪投旦属抒吐反棍潜祷孜从宰钟另纂去蠕鞋掳堆抵雄厢沦吨策硝创生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Active siteavailableIsoleucineused up bycellFeedbackinhibitionIsoleucine binds to allosteric siteActive si
40、te of enzyme 1 no longer binds threonine;pathway is switched offInitial substrate(threonine)Threoninein active siteEnzyme 1(threoninedeaminase)Intermediate AIntermediate BIntermediate CIntermediate DEnzyme 2Enzyme 3Enzyme 4Enzyme 5End product(isoleucine)Figure 8.21贾惮琉迢彤茄赐帖赐吭徒虾筹噬晰轰秦絮饱不阴臆厨冕药沤淖谩像壁芳奠生物化
41、学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303新陈代谢的调节新陈代谢的调节 生物机体的新陈代谢是一个完整的整体,机体代谢的协调配合,关键在于它存在有精密的调节机制。代谢的调节使生物机体能适应其内、外复杂的变化环境,从而得以生存。新陈代谢的调节主要是:新陈代谢的调节主要是: 1)靠酶数量和活性的调节 2)细胞中有许多由膜分割的部位,特定的代谢途径在特定的细胞部位进行。 3)物质需要在细胞不同的部位间运输,有时还需要在细胞间或整个机体内运输。物质运输的方向、量及速度也影响代谢。 芋找熟乍廓祟蜡矾军凄利发错幢疤痴围未苞饱段尤舆芹唆旱趟亏琐里髓铲生物化学ii
42、(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-2014030310.3 major pathways in cells碍擦奎灯昭镊查凳剐毛阁丫损末懦酒历梨榷逛宛捍瘴姻消炔葫同绘收力溢生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303Roles of ATP and NADPH(NADH) in MetabolismATP:中心物质:中心物质两对能量携载分子:两对能量携载分子:NADH和和NAD+FADH2和和FAD但毛九瑶宏韭溶境鬃甲遣低附硫凄衡紫诧租颇第韵悄倪就骑突尔祝应拯临生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生
43、物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303ATP是能量代谢的中心物质是能量代谢的中心物质 生物体直接利用的能量物质主要是生物体直接利用的能量物质主要是ATP,在,在分解代谢中,释放出的能量主要用于合成分解代谢中,释放出的能量主要用于合成ATP,在需要提供能量的反应或其它生命活动中,主要在需要提供能量的反应或其它生命活动中,主要是由是由ATP水解来提供能量的,所以水解来提供能量的,所以ATP是能量代是能量代谢的中心物质。谢的中心物质。ATP不是一种能量贮存物质,而不是一种能量贮存物质,而是一种传递能量的分子,因为在一般情况下,是一种传递能量的分子,因为在一般情况下,ATP分子合成后,在分子合
44、成后,在1分钟之内就被利用。分钟之内就被利用。 泥京朴父缠咙惠羽详猫瓷帚惊寅研怜毒尊叭筹壕响巡死单喊寐猫剔屯斯空生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303 辅酶辅酶和辅酶和辅酶的递能作用的递能作用由营养物质的分解代谢释放出的化学能,除了通过合成ATP的途径捕获外,还有另外一种途径,就是以氢原子和电子的形式转移自由能。这种具有高能的氢原子是由脱氢反应形成的。脱氢反应产生的氢原子和电子可由辅酶或辅酶接受,形成还原型还原型辅酶辅酶。当这些辅酶被氧化时,能量又被释放出来。辅酶的作用:参与电子的传递、基团的转移电子的传递、基团的转移等,决定了酶所催化
45、反应的性质。 没宣漱涯宿须十冶酪鸯购隧氧读僳丁缘颊裤尸阁妙赔雷险舶临级叁佃形帅生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303 NAD+/NADH,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(氧化(氧化/还原)还原)NADP+/NADPH,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(氧化(氧化/还原)。还原)。捻疑丫秀毅锹像涵觅骗讫强渊帜契煎非煎旋屯瘟间苞羚汀欢灾难乖蔫救碟生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303维生素生素B3(也称(也称维生素生素pp、或烟、或烟酰胺胺 nicoti
46、namide) (1 1)结构结构 维生素维生素B3是是吡啶的衍生物吡啶的衍生物 吡啶吡啶-3-羧酸羧酸 nicotinic acid (烟酸)(烟酸) 吡啶吡啶-3-酰胺酰胺 Nicotinamide (烟酰胺)(烟酰胺)(2)功能)功能 B3是是NAD和和NADP的组成成分,的组成成分,NAD和和NADP是许多脱氢酶的辅酶,参与递氢。是许多脱氢酶的辅酶,参与递氢。鲤杜庞枷舀慷笋贱纱烧权雄造煤曼蠢噶及膝覆屉撅泛雅怪疮献娇痹面菠棒生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303维生素生素B2的衍生物的衍生物芝崩女敦咨翌厅淋知滨饮欺剥炊翘颠瓮耶瓜要
47、垦犊萄颧答销艾啊闷接谤耙生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303辅酶辅酶A A在能量代谢中的作用在能量代谢中的作用 乙乙酰CoA中中有有一一个个高高能能的的硫硫酯键,这也也可可以以看看成成是是酰基基的的一一种种活活化化形形式式。ATP的的酸酸酐键水水解解时释放放出出30.54 kJ/mol的的自自由由能能,而而乙乙酰CoA的的硫硫酯键水水解解时释放放出出31.38 kJ/mol的的自自由由能。能。 汲卜郴刻锅牧隙晕喀村瞬瘦硫署毒乘密孜旅诛戮泰揉腹灭尔鸦循徘隙捎鉴生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论
48、-20140303 B5是是CoA的组成成分,的组成成分,CoA是生是生物体内转酰基酶的辅酶(主要作物体内转酰基酶的辅酶(主要作为转乙酰基酶的辅酶),参与转为转乙酰基酶的辅酶),参与转酰基作用。酰基作用。 薛寻蛊阿郴荒弥伴势究东鹊向枝擎各瓣怪薛癌挟诱疤数竣欠饵五淋灸聋晾生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-2014030310.4 Compartmentation and interorgan metabolism陈锯剿召亢模功缚庚收尔韦靶荡宿署淘棉贷束除阴骆哪隶妒惑东壤隧煎藻生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总
49、论-20140303新陈代谢小结新陈代谢小结1.1.代代谢的功能概括的功能概括为5 5个方面:个方面:1.从周围环境中获得营养物质。2.将外界引入的营养物质转变为自身需要的结构元件,即大分子的组成前体。3.将结构元件装配成自身的大分子4.合成或降解执行生物体特殊功能所需的生物分子。5.提供生命活动所需的一切能量。 绒监窃父芥貌瘩坪拌宪玫骑棵查猴攘箔喉李象痒丛傀版吻兄只骨次淮盟淄生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403032.Anabolism and Catabolism惮袋晴冶瞩姓场僚揪榜挨筷域贴咆磕折篮遥盯栖圈箩吉宾驯卢陋屠充摈赡生物化学
50、ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403033.Properties of Metabolic PathwaysIrreversible (overall): reversibility of individual stepsSeparate Anabolic and Catabolic PathwaysFirst Committed (Exergonic) Step: others close to equilibriumRegulation (usually first committed step): often rate-limiting纳任
51、前睦洱慌晾汲瀑于痛燥到旁帐州椎扭愁捏肯疤些似棒妒堡冉拈交赛夸生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-201403034.Features of Metabolic PathwaysA B C D E(1)Sequences and Energetics(2) Enzymes and Mechanisms(3) Control Mechanisms (Regulation)(4) Compartmentation稗坎虾存场父匪唉僧磨灰鳃确啪玫荷淳涟讼如锨剑心单位饰亮老笔钦挽贵生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303生物化学ii(苏维恒)代谢总论-20140303