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1、书面表达书面表达根底技巧讲解根底技巧讲解写作技能写作技能 如何写好简单句如何写好简单句 当一个句子只包含一个主谓结构时称为简单句。当一个句子只包含一个主谓结构时称为简单句。 句子的两个主要组成局部是主语和谓语,句子的两个主要组成局部是主语和谓语, 谓语都是由动词构成的。谓语都是由动词构成的。 动词在句子中起着极其重要的作用,可以说是动词在句子中起着极其重要的作用,可以说是句子的核心。在英语中,各类动词后有不同的结句子的核心。在英语中,各类动词后有不同的结构,从而构成不同的句型,抓住动词及它们引起构,从而构成不同的句型,抓住动词及它们引起的各种句型,就会对英语句子有一个总的概念。的各种句型,就会
2、对英语句子有一个总的概念。Summary:Summary:简单句的五种根本句型:简单句的五种根本句型:1._1._2._2._3._3._4._4._5._5._主语主语S+系动词系动词lv+表语表语P主语主语S+不及物动词不及物动词vi主语主语S+及物动词及物动词vt+ 宾语宾语 o主语主语S+谓语谓语vt+ 间接宾语间接宾语InO+ 直接宾语直接宾语DO主语主语S+谓语谓语vt+宾语宾语O + 宾补宾补OC1 The little baby smiled.2. Lily knows French. Everybody laughed at that ugly boy.3. My grand
3、mother told me a story.4. The food is / tastes very delicious.5. The news made us surprised.即时练习即时练习连词成句连词成句1.at,red,face,news,her,turned,the2.we,bus,catch,so as to,got,first,up,the,early3.a,made,she,dress,beautiful,me4.first,my,made,homework,me,do,my mother5.found,with,family,to,it,your,very,I,plea
4、sant,beHer face turned red at the news.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.She made me a beautiful dress.My mother made me do my homework first.I found it very pleasant to be with your family.写作技能写作技能简单句型的高级形式简单句型的高级形式 简单句其实也可以不简单,简单句其实也可以不简单, 假设将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、假设将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、同位语、独
5、立主格结构等巧妙地合在一起,同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合在一起, 不但可以表达更丰富的内容,而且可以使句子变不但可以表达更丰富的内容,而且可以使句子变得更精彩,充分显示你的英语表达实力。得更精彩,充分显示你的英语表达实力。 以下各句摘自近几年各省市高考写作范文的以下各句摘自近几年各省市高考写作范文的高级简单句,请欣赏:高级简单句,请欣赏:1.1.同位语:同位语:I want to have a pen friend, I want to have a pen friend, 我想有一个笔友,希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相我想有一个笔友,希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相 投的女孩子。投的女孩子。点评:同
6、位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰全国点评:同位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰全国2.2.形容词短语:形容词短语: ,Thomas Edison ,Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. was a great scientist and inventor. 出生于美国的托马斯出生于美国的托马斯爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和创爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和创造家。湖南造家。湖南hopefully a girl in her early twentiesand with interests similar to mine.Born in Amer
7、ica3.不定式短语:不定式短语: ,we need to do sports. 为了学习好,我们需要体育运动为了学习好,我们需要体育运动辽宁辽宁4.现在分词短语:现在分词短语:In this picture, a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree, . 在这幅图中,一个鸟妈妈待在一棵大树的鸟巢里,在这幅图中,一个鸟妈妈待在一棵大树的鸟巢里,观看她的鸟仔飞走。北京观看她的鸟仔飞走。北京In order to study wellwatching her babies flying away5.过去分词短语:过去分词短语: ,mobile p
8、hones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient. 与信件和公用与信件和公用 相比相比, 和网络更快也更方便广和网络更快也更方便广东东6.介词短语:介词短语: ,he encourages us to think by ourselves. 他鼓励我们独立思考,而不是马上告诉我们答案。他鼓励我们独立思考,而不是马上告诉我们答案。湖南湖南Compared with letters and public phonesInstead of giving us answers immediately写作技能写作技能简单句的扩展简单句的
9、扩展 句子的扩展,就是在名词前后加上句子的扩展,就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定前置或后置定语,在动词、形容词或者副词前后加上适当的状语,在动词、形容词或者副词前后加上适当的状语,语,或增加修饰整个句子的状语,等等,或增加修饰整个句子的状语,等等, 目的是使目的是使结构形式更饱满结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动表达更生动。 练习句子的扩展,有助于循序渐进地实现练习句子的扩展,有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段由句到段的的过渡。过渡。【例【例1】对】对The man was famous.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语一句进行扩展,可得到以表语一句进行扩展,可得到以下
10、一些句子:下一些句子: a. The man was a famous student.(划线局部为定语划线局部为定语) b. _ ,the man was very famous_(划线局部为状语划线局部为状语)named MikeAt the age of seventeenbecause of being good at playing the piano【例【例2】对】对The student jumped.主语主语+谓语一句进行扩展:谓语一句进行扩展: a.The student jumped.划线局部划线局部为定语为定语 b. ,the naughty student jumped
11、 .划线局部为状语划线局部为状语naughtyHearing the good newswith joy【例【例3】Chinese are making China more powerful.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补一句进行扩展宾补一句进行扩展 a. Chinese are making China more powerful.划线局划线局部为定语部为定语b. ,hard-working and open-minded Chinese are making full of resources more powerful .划线局部为状语划线局部为状语Hard-working and
12、 open-mindedfull of resourcesWith time going onthan before as expected比照学习下:比照学习下:1.Students buy books.1.Students buy books.至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作定语至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作定语The diligent students in our class often buy The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science,some bo
13、oks written in English on science,which are really well worth buying.which are really well worth buying.2.Students work.2.Students work.至少要含非谓语、介词短语和至少要含非谓语、介词短语和 从句等作状语从句等作状语In order to improve their school subjects,In order to improve their school subjects,students work hard in the classroom so th
14、at students work hard in the classroom so that they forget to go out after class.they forget to go out after class.写作技能写作技能简单句合并成并列句或复合句简单句合并成并列句或复合句 有时为了使句子的连贯性更强,表达更为贴切、有时为了使句子的连贯性更强,表达更为贴切、自然,我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上自然,我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上and,but,or或者,否那么,或者,否那么,for因为,因为,while而,却,而,却,when就在这个时候等并列连词,就在这个时候等并
15、列连词,就成为并列复合句。如:就成为并列复合句。如: They were happy.They deserved their happiness.They were happy and they deserved their happiness.【概念比照】并列复合句,主从复合句【概念比照】并列复合句,主从复合句 在两个或者多个简单句之间加上在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when,after,as,when,after,as,because,where,which,whobecause,where,which,who等附属连词,使简单句等附属连词,使简单句变成复合句,从而扩展成高级句子。变成复合
16、句,从而扩展成高级句子。1.I forgot to post the letter. I wrote it 1.I forgot to post the letter. I wrote it yesterday.yesterday.改为含定语从句的复合句改为含定语从句的复合句I forgot to post the letter which I wrote I forgot to post the letter which I wrote yesterday.yesterday.2.He missed the first bus. He came to school late. 改为含状语从句
17、的复合句改为含状语从句的复合句Because he missed the first bus, he came to school late.He missed the first bus, so he came to school late.写作技能写作技能如何写好并列句一如何写好并列句一并列连词的意义与作用并列连词的意义与作用 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。叫并列句。 并列句的根本句型是:并列句的根本句型是:“简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词或连接副词或连接副词+简单句。简单句。 要写好并列句,首先必须了解每个并列连词的意要写好
18、并列句,首先必须了解每个并列连词的意义和功能。义和功能。并列连词并列连词 其他意思相似的并列连词其他意思相似的并列连词 在句子中表示的意在句子中表示的意思思 and but,yet for 原因(因为)原因(因为) or furthermore,besides,in addition,moreover,also,likewise,not only.but (also). 并列或递进此外,并列或递进此外,而且而且 however,nevertheless,still,in contrast,while比照但是;然而比照但是;然而otherwise,not.but.,either.or. 选择或者
19、,否选择或者,否那么,不然的话那么,不然的话并列连词并列连词 其他意思相似的并列连词其他意思相似的并列连词 在句子中表示的意思在句子中表示的意思 andfurthermore,besides,in addition,moreover,also,likewise,not only.but (also). 并列或递进(此外,而且)并列或递进(此外,而且) but,yet however,nevertheless,still,in contrast,while对比(但是;然而)对比(但是;然而) for 原因(因为)原因(因为) or otherwise,not.but.,either.or. 选择
20、(或者,否则,选择(或者,否则,不然的话)不然的话) so nor consequently,therefore,thus,accordingly,then neither 结果因此,所以结果因此,所以 否认选择也不否认选择也不 即时练习即时练习请选择用的并列连词填空请选择用的并列连词填空1.I dont agree with you, does my partner.2.Find out where they are going this evening ask if we may join them.3.He was very seriously ill; doctors have alm
21、ost given up hope of his recovery.4.They go to concerts of pop music they really like it.nor/neitherandthereforefor5.She cant hope to pass the exam in December, shell have to wait till June.6.He broke the rules of the school; _ he had to leave.7. is your answer wrong _ mine is. 8. You must work hard
22、er; you will be put into another class.9.Tom was rich his brother was very poor.sothereforeNot onlybut alsootherwisewhile1 1 认真分析两个被连接起来的简单句之间内在的认真分析两个被连接起来的简单句之间内在的 逻辑关系逻辑关系, ,2 2 选择恰当的并列连词选择恰当的并列连词, ,才能真正写出好的并列句。才能真正写出好的并列句。请认真研读以下句子请认真研读以下句子, ,分析其逻辑关系。分析其逻辑关系。试试看试试看, ,如果如何正确翻译如果如何正确翻译写作技能写作技能如何写好
23、并列句如何写好并列句( (二二) )辨清不同功能的并列连词辨清不同功能的并列连词 .翻译句子翻译句子1.1.昨天我生日。很多同学送给我礼物。昨天我生日。很多同学送给我礼物。 2.2.书籍增长了我们的见识,开拓了我们的视野。书籍增长了我们的见识,开拓了我们的视野。 It was my birthday yesterday, so many classmates gave me presents.Books not only enrich our knowledge but (also) widen our vision. 3. 3.地震中有地震中有1010人死亡,人死亡,3 0003 000多人
24、无家可归。多人无家可归。 4.4.兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢看书,另一个热衷运动。兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢看书,另一个热衷运动。 5.5.宠物通常很脏,甚至有的会伤人。宠物通常很脏,甚至有的会伤人。Ten people were killed in the earthquake, and more than 3,000 people were left homeless.The brothers are very different:one likes reading while the other is crazy about sports.Pets are usually dirty and s
25、ome might even hurt people写作技能写作技能利用复合句提高句子档次利用复合句提高句子档次 复合句是使结构复杂化的一个方法,可以复合句是使结构复杂化的一个方法,可以借助于它表达比较复杂的内容。可使文章更有逻辑借助于它表达比较复杂的内容。可使文章更有逻辑性,也提高了文章的档次。性,也提高了文章的档次。【注意】不要将汉语一一对译成英语,一定要注意【注意】不要将汉语一一对译成英语,一定要注意所写复合句符合英语句子结构的特点及复合句中所写复合句符合英语句子结构的特点及复合句中句子成分的完整。句子成分的完整。如如“到车站时,他发现火车已经走了到车站时,他发现火车已经走了When a
26、rrived at the station, he found the train had already left.即时练习即时练习把以下每组句子转换成复合句把以下每组句子转换成复合句1.In the town there was only one school. I studied there for six years.In the town there was only one school where I studied for six years2.I have spare time.I will go to see you. 3.He got up very early this
27、 morning.He could catch the first bus. 4.You study hard.You will pass the exam.(only if) If I have spare time,I will go to see you.He got up very early this morning so that he could catch the first bus.Only if you study hard will you pass the exam.写作技能写作技能如何使用高级词汇和做到句式多样化如何使用高级词汇和做到句式多样化1.1.注意使用词组、习
28、语来代替一些单词以增加文采。注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词以增加文采。 make use of make use of代替代替useuse,catch sight ofcatch sight of代替代替seesee2.2.使用一些很有使用一些很有“洋味的单词。洋味的单词。 Thank you for sharing the time with us. Thank you for sharing the time with us. ( (用用shareshare而不用而不用spend)spend) The noise nearly drove me mad. (用用drive而不用而不用 m
29、ake) Tom had his leg broken last week. (用用have.done而不用而不用broke his leg) 3.防止重复使用同一单词或短语。防止重复使用同一单词或短语。比照比照 I like reading while my brother likes watching TV. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.英文写作中,如能做到句式多样,那么能突显出运用英文写作中,如能做到句式多样,那么能突显出运用语言的实力,提高文章的档次,但如何做到句式多样化?语言的实力,提高文章的档次,但如何做到句
30、式多样化?4 改变句子的开头方式。可以把状语置于句首等改变句子的开头方式。可以把状语置于句首等 原原We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. 改改Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.5. 学会运用特殊句式学会运用特殊句式Only in this way can we achieve our goal.It was Ah Fu who had saved my little sister b
31、ravely.6.学会使用复合句、分词状语、感慨句、学会使用复合句、分词状语、感慨句、with的复的复合结构、合结构、it句型等多种句式。句型等多种句式。 原原We had to stand there to catch the offender. 改改What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender. 原原He often sleeps.The windows are open. 改改He often sleeps with the windows open.如何使用高级词汇和做到句式多样化如何使用高级词汇和
32、做到句式多样化1.1.注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词以增加文采。注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词以增加文采。2.2.使用一些很有使用一些很有“洋味的单词。洋味的单词。3.3.防止重复使用同一单词或短语。防止重复使用同一单词或短语。4 4 改变句子的开头方式。可以把状语置于句首等改变句子的开头方式。可以把状语置于句首等5. 5. 学会运用特殊句式学会运用特殊句式6.6.学会使用复合句、分词状语、感慨句、学会使用复合句、分词状语、感慨句、withwith的复的复合结构、合结构、itit句型等多种句式。句型等多种句式。 即时练习即时练习按要求改写以下句子按要求改写以下句子Our teacher c
33、ame into our classroom.A lot of Our teacher came into our classroom.A lot of students followed him.He had a book in his hand. students followed him.He had a book in his hand. 1 1简单句:简单句:2 2并列句:并列句:3 3复合句:复合句:Followed by a lot of students,our teacher came into our classroom,book in hand/with a book i
34、n his hand.Our teacher came into our classroom,with a book in his hand/book in hand,and a lot of students followed him.Our teacher who was followed by a lotof students came into our classroom, with a book in his hand/book in hand.翻译重组的根本方法翻译重组的根本方法 一、合并法一、合并法 合并法是把假设干个短句合并成一个长句。合并法是把假设干个短句合并成一个长句。 汉
35、语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多; 英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。 所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句-没有农业没有农业,人类便不能生存,社会生产也就不能继续下人类便不能生存,社会生产也就不能继续下去。去。But for/Without agriculture, human could not exist, nor could social pr
36、oduction continue.写作技能写作技能 二、正译法和反译法二、正译法和反译法 正正译译,是是指指把把句句子子按按照照与与汉汉语语相相同同的的语语序序或或表表达达方式译成英语。方式译成英语。反反译译那那么么是是指指把把句句子子按按照照与与汉汉语语相相反反的的语语序序或或表表达达方式译成英语。方式译成英语。反反译译往往往往更更符符合合英英语语的的思思维维方方式式和和表表达达习习惯惯,比比较较地道。地道。-政府应致力于降低房价,让百姓买得起房。政府应致力于降低房价,让百姓买得起房。正正 译译 : The government should make efforts to bring d
37、own the prices of houses so that people can afford them.反反 译译 : The government should make efforts to bring down the prices of houses so that houses are available(to people). 三、倒置法三、倒置法 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;被修饰语之前; 在在英英语语中中,许许多多修修饰饰语语常常常常位位于于被被修修饰饰语语之之后后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
38、因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。-改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy. 四、插入法四、插入法 把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号插插入入译译句句中中,即即用用同同位位语语、插插入入语语或或定定语语从从句句来来处处理一些解释性成分。理一些解释性成分。-在在某某种种程程度度上上,成成功功源源自自自自信信,而而成成功功也也
39、会会增增强强自信。自信。 To some extent, success results from self-confidence while it also helps enhance selfconfidence.翻译重组的根本方法翻译重组的根本方法 一、合并法一、合并法 合并法是把假设干个短句合并成一个长句。合并法是把假设干个短句合并成一个长句。 所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句 二、正译法和反译法二、正译法和反译法反译那么是指把句子
40、按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译反译那么是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯,成英语。反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯,比较地道。比较地道。 三、倒置法三、倒置法 在在英英语语中中,许许多多修修饰饰语语常常常常位位于于被被修修饰饰语语之之后后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。四、插入法四、插入法 把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号插插入入译译句句中中,即即用用同同位位语语、插插入入语语或或定定语语从从句句来来处处理一些解释性成分。理一些解释性成分。
41、即时练习即时练习请用以上翻译重组的技巧翻译以下句子请用以上翻译重组的技巧翻译以下句子1.1.他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。( (正反译正反译) ) 2.2.我们需要大量有丰富经验的志愿者。我们需要大量有丰富经验的志愿者。 3.3.我们觉得帮助他人是我们的职责。我们觉得帮助他人是我们的职责。 He still could not understand me.(正译正译)Still he failed to understand me.(反译反译)We need a number of volunteers who have rich experience.We feel it
42、our duty to help others.4.不保护环境,我们就将没有干净的饮用水。不保护环境,我们就将没有干净的饮用水。 5.我们可以通过经常锻炼和保持健康的饮食来强身健体。我们可以通过经常锻炼和保持健康的饮食来强身健体。 6.我想知道讲座是否有录音。如果有,我可以借我想知道讲座是否有录音。如果有,我可以借吗?吗?(插入法插入法) If we do not protect the environment, we will have no clean drinking water.We can build up our body by taking regular exercise an
43、d keeping a healthy diet.I wonder if the lecture was recorded. If so, can I borrow a tape?7.7.我我的的家家乡乡位位于于北北江江河河畔畔,是是个个风风景景秀秀丽丽适适合合居居住住的城市。的城市。 8.8.如果您能考虑我的建议,我将感谢不尽。如果您能考虑我的建议,我将感谢不尽。 My hometown, a beautiful city located on the Beijing River, is a place suitable for living.Ill appreciate it very m
44、uch if you could consider my advice.写作技能写作技能让句子靓起来的十一招让句子靓起来的十一招 对低级句型的改造可以迅速到达给我们的句子对低级句型的改造可以迅速到达给我们的句子润色,润色,让我们的句子靓起来的目的。让我们的句子靓起来的目的。 1. 1.强调句强调句 可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语的状语从句转变为强调句。从句转变为强调句。-直到我回家我才意识到我把包落在办公室了。直到我回家我才意识到我把包落在办公室了。 It was not until I arrived home that I It wa
45、s not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag in the office.realized I had left the bag in the office. 2.倒装句倒装句 只要句中有介词短语或状语从句,便可将其提只要句中有介词短语或状语从句,便可将其提前,变成倒装句。前,变成倒装句。 -只有当他告诉我真相时,我才意识到我误解他了。只有当他告诉我真相时,我才意识到我误解他了。Only when he told me the truth did I realize that I had misunderstood
46、him.3.with的复合结构的复合结构 可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with的复合结构。的复合结构。- 他有很沉重的思想负担,感觉压力很大。他有很沉重的思想负担,感觉压力很大。With heavy burden on mind, he felt greatly stressed.4.巧妙地使用非谓语动词巧妙地使用非谓语动词 可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。-穿着恰当,面试官会对你有很好的印象。穿着恰当,面试官会对你有很好的印象。Dressed in a proper way, yo
47、ure more likely to leave a good impression on the interviewers. 5.恰到好处地使用被动句:使语言简洁生动恰到好处地使用被动句:使语言简洁生动 主语除主语除nothing, anything, everything等不定代词之外,等不定代词之外,在主语不清晰或不重要的情况下更应使用被动语态。在主语不清晰或不重要的情况下更应使用被动语态。-Something must be done to stop factories pouring waste water directly into rivers.6.高级定语从句高级定语从句假设定
48、语从句中的动词带有介词,只需将介词移至先行词假设定语从句中的动词带有介词,只需将介词移至先行词后。后。-We came to a place to which they had never paid a visit before.7.进行时态进行时态 和和always,constantly连用表达感情色彩的副词。连用表达感情色彩的副词。 -I am always feeling terrible when I take a bus.8.what引导的名词性从句将动宾结构转化为此结构引导的名词性从句将动宾结构转化为此结构-你给我的不仅仅是一份圣诞节礼物,还是一颗满你给我的不仅仅是一份圣诞节礼物,
49、还是一颗满含爱意的心含爱意的心What he gave me was not only a Christmas present but also a heart full of love.9.“数词数词+名词变为名词变为“as many as+数词数词+名词名词 -As many as ten years ago,my hometown used to be covered by forests. 10.适当使用插入语适当使用插入语 如如I guess ,however, in a way, certainly , in my opinion , probably, generally spe
50、aking , believe it or not, besides , whats more等。等。11.把简单句改成复合句把简单句改成复合句 适当的时候把两个简单句改成适当的时候把两个简单句改成“too.to.或者或者“so.that.等高级一点的复合句。等高级一点的复合句。 -I was very tired.I couldnt keep up with them.I was so tired that I couldnt keep up with them.I was too tired to keep up with them.即时练习即时练习使用上述技巧,合并或改写以下句子使用上述
51、技巧,合并或改写以下句子1.I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.强调句强调句 2.We can live a happy life only by this means. 倒装倒装3.He fell asleep.The lights were still on.with 结构结构It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of English. Only by this means can
52、 we live a happy life.He fell asleep with the lights on.4.When I heard that,I was much moved.(非非谓语动词)5.They carried out a survey among 260 students. 被被动语态6.I felt discouraged when I failed my exams.时 态表表强强调Hearing that, I was much moved.A survey was carried out among 260 students.I was always feelin
53、g discouraged when I failed my exams.7.They were faced with many problems.They didnt lose leart.非谓语动词非谓语动词8.It was getting dark.And it began to rain.插插 入语入语9.He worked very hard.He made great progress in his study.(改为复合句改为复合句)Faced with many problems,they didnt lose heart.It was getting dark.What wa
54、s worse,it began to rain.He worked so hard that he made great progress in his study.10.He offered me a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over again.(用用what结构结构)11.I got on a bus.There were already too many people on it.定语从句定语从句What he offered me was a piece of advice that I should
55、 cheer up and start all over again.I got on a bus on which there were already too many people.让句子靓起来的十一招让句子靓起来的十一招1.强调句强调句 可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句。从句转变为强调句。 2.倒装句倒装句 只要句中有介词短语或状语从句,便可将其提前,变成只要句中有介词短语或状语从句,便可将其提前,变成倒装句。倒装句。3.with的复合结构的复合结构 可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成可以将状语从句或并
56、列句中的其中一个分句变成with的的复合结构。复合结构。4.巧妙地使用非谓语动词巧妙地使用非谓语动词 可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。5.恰到好处地使用被动句:使语言简洁生动恰到好处地使用被动句:使语言简洁生动 主语除主语除nothing, anything, everything等不定代等不定代词之外,在主语不清晰或不重要的情况下更应使用词之外,在主语不清晰或不重要的情况下更应使用被动语态。被动语态。6.高级定语从句高级定语从句假设定语从句中的动词带有介词,只需将介词移至假设定语从句中的动词带有介词,只需将介词移至先行词后。先行词后。
57、7.进行时态进行时态 和和always,constantly连用表达感情色彩的副词。连用表达感情色彩的副词。8.what引导的名词性从句将动宾结构转化为此结引导的名词性从句将动宾结构转化为此结构构9.“数词数词+名词变为名词变为“as many as+数词数词+名词名词 10.适当使用插入语适当使用插入语 11.把简单句改成复合句把简单句改成复合句写作技能写作技能怎样写好文章的开头怎样写好文章的开头 文章开头非常重要,因为好开头可以吸引读者、抓文章开头非常重要,因为好开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力,提高文章的质量。文章常见的开头形住读者的注意力,提高文章的质量。文章常见的开头形式大致有以下
58、几种:式大致有以下几种: 1.1.开门见山,揭示主题开门见山,揭示主题 2.2.以交待人物、事情、时间或环境开头以交待人物、事情、时间或环境开头 3.3.回忆性的开头回忆性的开头 5.5.介绍环境式的开头介绍环境式的开头 6.6.交待写作目的的开头交待写作目的的开头范例范例1.Tibet,known as“the Roof of the World,belongs to the Peoples Republic of China and it is located in the southwest of China.2.The day before yesterday my class wen
59、t on a bus trip to Mount Yang.3.I remember my first trip to Mount Yang as if it were yesterday.4.In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.概括性的开头概括性的开头以交代人物以交代人物,事物事物,时间或环境开头时间或环境开头回忆性的开头回忆性的开头交待写作目的的开头交待写作目的的开头怎样写好文章的结尾怎样写好文章的结尾 结尾结尾-概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定文章中概括全文内容,进一
60、步强调或肯定文章中心思想,与主题句相互照应,使读者对文章的主题有深心思想,与主题句相互照应,使读者对文章的主题有深刻的印象或思考。写好英语文章的结尾最常用的方法有:刻的印象或思考。写好英语文章的结尾最常用的方法有: 1. 1.重复中心思想,到达再次肯定和强调的效果。重复中心思想,到达再次肯定和强调的效果。 2. 2.得出结论,即在文章最后,用几句话概括全文内得出结论,即在文章最后,用几句话概括全文内容,并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。容,并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。 3. 3.使用格言,谚语或习语总结全文,既言简意赅又使用格言,谚语或习语总结全文,既言简意赅又有更强的说服力
61、。有更强的说服力。 4. 4.用反问结尾,虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定用反问结尾,虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,具有明显的强调作用,引发读者思考。的,具有明显的强调作用,引发读者思考。 范例范例1.If you have something to do, try to do it yourself, 1.If you have something to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to permanent success. for that is the safest way to permanent suc
62、cess. Remember the famous saying “God helps those who help Remember the famous saying “God helps those who help themselvesthemselves. .2.With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports 2.With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports have become more popular with people than ever.have bec
63、ome more popular with people than ever.3.So,what can we benefit from wealth if we dont have 3.So,what can we benefit from wealth if we dont have health? health? 使用格言,谚语或习语总结全文使用格言,谚语或习语总结全文重复中心思想重复中心思想以反问结尾以反问结尾如何写好段落如何写好段落 段落是文章的根本构成局部。段落是文章的根本构成局部。 它由假设干个句子组成,说明一个中心思想,或者它由假设干个句子组成,说明一个中心思想,或者从一个角度
64、对文章的主题进行阐述。从一个角度对文章的主题进行阐述。 段落的结构段落的结构( (特别是议论文的段落特别是议论文的段落) ),大多由三局部,大多由三局部组成:主题句、扩展句和结尾句。如下所示组成:主题句、扩展句和结尾句。如下所示: : 主题句主题句(Topic Sentence)(Topic Sentence) 扩展句扩展句(1(1、2 2、3)(Supporting 3)(Supporting Details)Details) 结尾句结尾句(Concluding Sentence)(Concluding Sentence)段落段落1.1.主题句主题句(Topic Sentence)(Topi
65、c Sentence) 主题句或说明作者的观点态度,或指出作者的写作意主题句或说明作者的观点态度,或指出作者的写作意图,或概括文章的内容,反映一段文章的中心思想,是图,或概括文章的内容,反映一段文章的中心思想,是段落开展的依据。段落开展的依据。2.2.扩展句扩展句(Supporting Details)(Supporting Details) 段落的中心思想经主题句点出以后,接着就是一系列段落的中心思想经主题句点出以后,接着就是一系列的扩展句,对主题句或举例说明,或详细解释。的扩展句,对主题句或举例说明,或详细解释。写扩展句时切忌写和主题无关的句子。写扩展句时切忌写和主题无关的句子。3.3.结
66、尾句结尾句(Concluding Sentence)(Concluding Sentence) 结尾句就是用一句话将一段文章的内容进行归纳总结。结尾句就是用一句话将一段文章的内容进行归纳总结。 结尾句须和主题句相照应,或者说是主题句的再现。结尾句须和主题句相照应,或者说是主题句的再现。However, this change has bad as well as good effects, especially dependence on the Internet. Firstly, as we lack enough practice, we are losing the beauty of
67、 hand written Chinese words which express the writer better while machine words all have the same looks. Secondly, our spelling becomes worse, if we rely on the machine too much. Last but not least, the PC screen does harm to our eyes. I prefer the old way of communication even though it is much too
68、 slow in the eyes of many people. 20062006年广东高考英语写作题的参考范文年广东高考英语写作题的参考范文-通通讯工具变化所带来的负面影响讯工具变化所带来的负面影响写作技能写作技能如何在议论文中发表看法如何在议论文中发表看法一、自然过渡一、自然过渡 写完正反两方面的观点或提出中心话题后,用写完正反两方面的观点或提出中心话题后,用句恰当的过渡语引出自己的观点。过渡语起承上句恰当的过渡语引出自己的观点。过渡语起承上启下的作用,使文章显得自然、连贯。启下的作用,使文章显得自然、连贯。二、列举例证二、列举例证 提出自己的观点后就要用具体的事例来论证自提出自己的观点
69、后就要用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。己的观点。 三、总结点题三、总结点题 进一步总结自己的观点,提出具体做法或号召,进一步总结自己的观点,提出具体做法或号召,升华主题,这时应注意文章前后照应。升华主题,这时应注意文章前后照应。常用的开头过渡句式有:常用的开头过渡句式有: 1.In my opinion. 2.Personally,I feel that. 3.As far as Im concerned. 4.I do agree with. 5.I cant agree more with.Such cases are often seen in our life. 6.In some wa
70、y,I agree with. 7.In fact,there are both advantages and disadvantages in. 8.Every coin has two sides.二、列举例证二、列举例证常用的句式有:常用的句式有: 1.First/Firstly,.Second/secondly,.Finally. 2.On the one hand,.on the other hand,. 3.For one thing.and for another. 4.Furthermore/Besides/In addition,.三、总结点题三、总结点题常用的句式常用的句式
71、 1.In conclusion,. 2.In short,. 3.In a word,. 4.In general,. 5.All in all,. 6.All these things considered,. 7.To sum up,. 8.Therefore,. 英语写作中的经典句型英语写作中的经典句型1理由主要如下理由主要如下:首先首先其次其次The reasons are chiefly as follows.Firstly. Secondly. -理由主要如下理由主要如下: :首先首先, ,树木可以吸收大量的对树木可以吸收大量的对我们有害的二氧化碳。其次,树木能使我们的城我们有害
72、的二氧化碳。其次,树木能使我们的城市更加美丽。市更加美丽。 The reasons are chiefly as follows.Firstly,trees can take in a lot of carbon dioxide which is harmful to our health.Secondly,trees can make our city more beautiful.句型句型2:必须采取措施去:必须采取措施去Actions should be taken to. 句型句型3:完全有理由去:完全有理由去There are good reasons to.-完全有理由取消这个不切
73、实际的方案完全有理由取消这个不切实际的方案There are good reasons to cancel this impractical plan.-必须采取措施去除所有污染。必须采取措施去除所有污染。Actions should be taken to get rid of all kinds of pollution.句型句型4:因此,我强烈建议因此,我强烈建议 Therefore I strongly recommend that. 练一练:因此,我强烈建议我们应该为孩子们多写一些练一练:因此,我强烈建议我们应该为孩子们多写一些有趣的书籍,以免他们沉迷于电脑游戏。有趣的书籍,以免他们
74、沉迷于电脑游戏。 Therefore I strongly recommend that we should write more interesting books for children in case they are addicted to (playing) computer games. 句型句型5: 现在人们讨论的一个热点问题是现在人们讨论的一个热点问题是 A hot topic discussed today is. 句型句型6:认为:认为是毫无根据的。是毫无根据的。 There is no evidence to suggest that.-认为我们必须依靠西方国家来开展经
75、济是毫无根据的。认为我们必须依靠西方国家来开展经济是毫无根据的。There is no evidence to suggest that we must depend on Western countries to develop our economy.-现在人们讨论的一个热点问题是我们是否可以克隆人。现在人们讨论的一个热点问题是我们是否可以克隆人。 A hot topic discussed today is whether we should clone human beings.句型句型7: 当说到当说到时,许多人认为时,许多人认为 When it comes to.many peop
76、le believe that.句型句型8:现在是采取措施做:现在是采取措施做的时候了。的时候了。Now it is time something was done to. -当说到地球变暖的问题时,许多人认为这对人类是危当说到地球变暖的问题时,许多人认为这对人类是危险的险的.因此因此,现在是采取措施去除污染的时候了。现在是采取措施去除污染的时候了。 When it comes to global warming,many people think it is dangerous for human beings.Therefore, it is time something was done
77、 to get rid of pollution.句型句型9:根据以上讨论我们可以根据以上讨论我们可以From what has been discussed above,we may.句型句型10:是不言而喻的是不言而喻的. It goes without saying that.-根据以上讨论根据以上讨论,我们可以得出结论,必须集资建桥。我们可以得出结论,必须集资建桥。好的根底建设才能有效促进经济的开展,这是不言而喻好的根底建设才能有效促进经济的开展,这是不言而喻的。的。From what has been discussed above,we may conclude that it i
78、s necessary to collect money to build a bridge. It goes without saying that good fundamental construction can effectively improve the development of the economy. fundamental construction即时练习即时练习翻译句子翻译句子1.1.理由主要如下:首先,吸烟有害健康;其次,理由主要如下:首先,吸烟有害健康;其次, 吸烟可能引起火灾。吸烟可能引起火灾。 2.2.必须采取措施解决这个问题。必须采取措施解决这个问题。 3.3
79、.完全有理由实施鼓励储蓄的方案。完全有理由实施鼓励储蓄的方案。 The reasons are chiefly as follows: Firstly, smoking does harm to our health. Secondly, it may cause fires.Actions should be taken to solve the problem.There are good reasons to carry out the plan to encourage savings.4.4.因此我强烈建议学校采取措施保证每个学生的因此我强烈建议学校采取措施保证每个学生的 平安。平安
80、。 5.5.现在人们讨论的热点问题是房价是否会持续上现在人们讨论的热点问题是房价是否会持续上 涨。涨。 Therefore I strongly recommend that our safety of all the students.A hot topic discussed today is whether the price of the houses will keep going up写作技能提升写作技能提升高考应试技巧高考应试技巧 1. 1.认真审题,选择表达方式认真审题,选择表达方式 高考阅卷抽查说明,由于审题不充分、遗漏高考阅卷抽查说明,由于审题不充分、遗漏要点而失分的学生到
81、达要点而失分的学生到达35%35%到到40%40%。 审题就要弄清题目的大意与要求。审题就要弄清题目的大意与要求。 高考英语书面表达不能像汉语作文那样自由高考英语书面表达不能像汉语作文那样自由发挥,而要根据题目要求、按所给提示来组织文发挥,而要根据题目要求、按所给提示来组织文章,一边审读题目的要求,一边思考相应的英语章,一边审读题目的要求,一边思考相应的英语表达方式。切忌用汉语打草稿,然后将汉语草稿表达方式。切忌用汉语打草稿,然后将汉语草稿翻译成英语。这种做法容易导致高考英语书面表翻译成英语。这种做法容易导致高考英语书面表达严重失分。达严重失分。 2. 2.展提纲,连接句子成文展提纲,连接句子
82、成文 高考英语书面表达要考查的是学生运用复杂语法结高考英语书面表达要考查的是学生运用复杂语法结构的能力。构的能力。 由于一味追求复杂结构而导致语法错误。解决这一由于一味追求复杂结构而导致语法错误。解决这一问题的主要方法就是打草稿,问题的主要方法就是打草稿, 第一次列提纲时写出句子的主干,然后在此根底上第一次列提纲时写出句子的主干,然后在此根底上增补定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句,添加由形容词增补定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句,添加由形容词充当的定语、由副词充当的状语,尤其是非谓语动充当的定语、由副词充当的状语,尤其是非谓语动词短语充当的定语和状语。词短语充当的定语和状语。 由于英语句子为树状结
83、构由于英语句子为树状结构, ,一个带从句的复合句常常一个带从句的复合句常常是屡次扩充成句是屡次扩充成句, ,而一次成句的复合句很容易出现语法而一次成句的复合句很容易出现语法错误。错误。 3. 3.复核要点,检查文法错误复核要点,检查文法错误 在完成句子扩充之后,便要认真检查在完成句子扩充之后,便要认真检查题目的要点是题目的要点是否一一表达明了否一一表达明了,如有遗漏迅速补上。然后开始在试卷,如有遗漏迅速补上。然后开始在试卷上誊写,此时要注意上誊写,此时要注意增加句子与句子之间的连接成分增加句子与句子之间的连接成分,以保证文章以保证文章顺畅顺畅。 最后必须注意的是:誊写时要做到最后必须注意的是:誊写时要做到字迹优美字迹优美、卷面卷面整洁整洁,减少不必要的失分。,减少不必要的失分。nKeep what you have learnt in mind;nWish your great improvement.