《2022年长难句精讲班讲义》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年长难句精讲班讲义（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1 第一部分方法论讲解阅读在句子层面的障碍：含义语序?简单句的障碍来源只有一套谓语的句子叫做简单句基本句型：主谓 i come i saw i conquer 主谓宾 i love you 主谓双宾 i bring a book to you 主谓宾补she makes me crazy 主系表 i am a ugly man 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法四大障碍：定语状语插入语同位语定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分叫做定语技能 ：高职，知识：本科，思维：研究生，思想：博士前置定语：形容词性的词+名词后置定语：前置形容词短语：形容词+介词 +名词现在分词过去分词名词 +. 不定式不定代词的定语置后介
2、词短语：介词+名词表语形容词： alive a cat alive 定语从句不属于简单句范畴人称代词who whom which that as +非完整句关系代词物主代词whose+完整句引导词关系连词 where why when how + 完整句宾语 +非完整句This is the expert to whom we are turning 介词 +关系代词充当状语+完整句 There is something by the virtue of which the man is the man 定语+完整句There are a lot of problems of which th
3、e fetching fresh water is the foremost by the virtue of=by the reason of that 与 as不能接到介词后面in that 引导的不是定语从句，而是状语从句表示的是because拆分：介词之前；找指代：关系代词指代的是前面哪一个单词；定成分：介词+关系代词在句中做什么成分同位语普通同位语： A ,B A or B A of B正式university of qinghua 在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分引导词that + 完整句；处理方法：删除插入语处理方法：删除状语：修饰动词谓语或形容词、定语精选学习资料 - - -
4、- - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页2 副词介短现在分词其前面没有名词，有名词就是定语过去分词不定式独立主格处理方法：剥离隔离例 1：Using techniques 方法， 技法 first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean s surface and drill in very dee
5、p waters, extracting samples of sediments 沉淀物 and rock from the ocean floor. 例 2：A few art collectors James Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially
6、aspiring 创造性的 artists, and established in their respective 各自的 communities 社区the idea of the value art and the need for institutions 制度devoted to its encouragement. ?非简单句的障碍来源：如何拆分与组合非简单句的障碍解决方案关联词和主句专一原则关联词 ：关系代词关系连词标点 分号冒号破折号 并列连词主句专一原则 ：英语主句中只有一个主句一套谓语，主句中没有关联词；n 个分句就有n-1 个关联词句子之间的关联方式：并列联词 and ,
7、 but , or , as well as ,与分号的用法：连接前后功能、性质、用法完全一致的成分对等的必须完全对等从后往前寻找并列成分2.嵌套：主从复合常见的复杂句形式That+完整句宾从 /表从It +不及动 +that+从句What+非完整句主语从句that what how why when who 特殊的 (形式主语句 ) It+be+形容词 +that+从句主语 +不及动 +that+从句The sun rises that looks gorgeous that 引导的是非完整句则为定语从句) 主语 +be+形容词 +that+从句The fact is true that i
8、 love you that 引导的是完整句则为同位语从句状语从句： where when because +完整句 要剥离，状语和状语从句在阅读时要剥离，否则要遭报应的，将同位语给删除掉，将插入语给删除掉，剩下的主谓宾是那么的可爱层次化句子阅读方法与电脑程序类似1.层次化结构的表示形式2.括号匹配法：保证在每个括号中都是完整的简单句适用于初级阶段使用画左括号的条件：出现句间关联词的时候精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页3 画右括号的条件：句子终结出现终结标点句号；后续内容与前边无关；出现句间并列连词Kvin is
9、a good student 【who is studying in the BFSU 【which is a good university in china 】 】Kvin , 【who is studying in the BFSU 【 which is a good university in china , 】 】 is a good student However , for many years , Physicists thought that 【 atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light sp
10、ontaneously】 and that 【stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker . 】小结区规则描述：笔记区写作方法：例 3：The history of clinical nutrition or(or 连接的同位语，后面直接 删除不看，不用翻译 , 直接看到谓语 can be) the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into f
11、our distinct eras: 【1 the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when when 前面有名词，所以when 引导的是定语从句，when做连词 【2 it was recognized for the first time that【3 food contained constituents 【4 that were essential for human function 4 】 3】 and that 此 that不做成分所以和第三个t
12、hat 并列 【 different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents成分 .5】2】1】例 4：The desperate plight(困境，保证 ) of the South has eclipsed 遮盖，日食 the fact that【 reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly.( 壮观地，引人注目地)括号内的副词不可能修饰括号外的动词】例 5：The technique 方法te
13、chnology 翻译为技术of direct carving was a break with the nineteen-century tradition in which the making of a clay 泥土， 粘土 model was considered the creative act 【and the work was then turned over to studio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.】例 1.The impressive gain in output st
14、emmed primarily from t he way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, and North American entrepreneurs even without technological improvementshad broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each perfo
15、rmed a single step of the production process. 例 2 Tracking whales is but =only one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war 冷战 as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to tra
16、ck the ships of potential enemies. 例 3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. 泛读ABCBA( 有里向外面翻译： CBBAA) 例 4：Anyon
17、e who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart , the most obvious differences being that it is often much heavier.词本无意，意由境生 逗号不能连接句子，是独立主格，通常在独立主格前面可以加with，也可以省掉精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页4 1 两个句子主语相同，保留主语，将句号变逗号，动词作如
18、下变化am /is/are being was/were having been do/does doing did having done be done done 2 两个句子主语不同，保留主语，将动词做一上变化完整信息链法：不完整情况：英语句子中主干部分被隔离主谓隔离：主谓之间加入定语、同位语、插入语。句子开头的第一个名词就是句子主语应该和其相匹配的动词在一起谓宾隔离：在谓语和宾语之间加入状语，状语通常有介词短语充当动+介+名 1+名 2 名词 1 如果修饰名词2，名词 2 前面就不可能当有冠词，名词修饰名词不多见，如果修饰了，此时名词1 已经变为形容词了 介词 +名词 1 做的是状语，
19、动词去读名词2非正常语序 ：倒装与强调句省略?倒装句的分析方法：先识别，然后处理1.部分倒装的处理方法：情态动词、系动词和助动词置于主语之前叫做部分倒装情态动词、系动词要复原助动词要去掉2.完全倒装的处理方法：谓语前的部分到谓语后，谓语后的部分到谓语前；即谓语前后部分颠倒2.1 完全倒装的存在环境：主系表倒装为表系主2.2 能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份：名/Pronoun/to do adj Ving Ving Ved 表语adj 短语： adj+ 介+名Of + 名词介短n /pronoun /to do方位副词也能作表语，相当于介词短语2.3 完全倒装的判断流程Ving 是做的形容词性
20、的现在分词，还是名词性的动名词，判断倒装流程：一：当 adj 性的词 置于句首 不修饰名词时修饰名词的话就是充当定语，而不是表语了，后面出现系动词，可判断为倒装。二：当开头为Ving 形式时，且系动词为复数，可判定为倒装动名词作主语，系动词只能是单数三：当开头为Ving 形式时，且系动词为单数，系动词后为非性质不是adj状态描述时，可判断为倒装。Playing basketball is my cousin from the NY 。倒装Playing basketball is funny 。正常语序例 1： Herein =in here副词 lay 系动词 the beginning o
21、f what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.方位副词也能作表语，相当于介词短语In this picture stand two girls。 On the picture stands a lamp 。完全倒装例 2： Surrounding the column 柱子 are three sepals花萼 and three petals 花瓣, sometimes easily recognizable as such as such
22、是状语，可以不看 , often distorted into gorgeous漂亮的 , weird奇怪的 , but always functional shapes. 倒装存在的原因：强调与平衡句子结构例 3：With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger familie
23、s than adj 性 的词，置于句首时就可以看做 是 倒装，除了adj 外 都是做后置定语的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页5 笔记区?强调句的分析方法1.强调句的构成it iswas+被强调部分+thatwho 只用于人+其他成分2.强调句的处理方法：将强调格式去掉，被强调部分复原就可以了笔记区例 8： Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent” , the film has never been
24、, in the full sense of the word, silent. 例 9：Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats栖息地has been a growing appreciation认识，欣赏of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.
25、 Coincident with concerns about B has been grouping appreciation of importance Aimportance of A to B 英语多名词，汉语多动词，翻译时把英语的名词转化为汉语的动词例 10：Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration from town and farm
26、to city, within the United States. 例 11：Indeed, had it not been for the superb 极好的；华美的；宏伟的 preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. 虚拟语气，省略了if 例 1：It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing价格飞涨and were
27、 quickly to supply practicing 临床 physicians 内科医生with generous 大量的samples of vitamins and literature 文字资料extollin罗列the virtue物品的功能，人的美德 of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions 病情，条件 . (intern实习生，拘留。 Internship 实习期；实习医师职位；实习生) 例 2：It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published th
28、e first official copies of the Declaration 独立宣言。Depression大萧条, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded说明精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页6 并列往往引起省略。1、对句子的完整处理流程2、强调：阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页
