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1、1 可 数 名 词 的 复 数 变 化可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式, 名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两个大类。1. 名词复数的规则变化:绝大多数名词直接在词尾加s 变成复数,如: cupcups, bathroom-bathrooms 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词变复数要加es,如:class (班级)classes, box(盒子)boxes, match(火柴) matches, brush (刷子) brushes 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,去f 或 fe 再加 ves。f、fe 结尾的顺口溜:妻子 持刀去宰狼,小偷 吓得发了慌 ;躲在架后保
2、己命,半片树叶遮月光。按:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以f(e) 结尾的名词: wife ( 妻子) ,knife (小刀) ,wolf (狼),thief ( 小偷) ,shelf (架子) ,self ( 自己),life( 生命),half ( 一半),leaf ( 树叶) 。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为 ve 再加-s 。注意 : 以 f 结尾的名词,一般把把 f 改为 ves, 但也有特殊情况是直接加-s 的,如 gulf (海湾), roof (屋顶) , chief (首领) , serf (农仆) , belief(信仰) , proof (证据) , hand
3、kerchief(手帕)。编成口诀联想:海湾 边、屋顶 上,首领农仆 相望;谁说他们无 信仰,证据 定在手帕上。以 y 结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情况而变:元音 +y:直接 +s , 如:boyboys, toytoys, day-days 辅音+y:变 y 为 i ,再+es ,如: study( 书房)studies, city(城市) cities, party(晚会)-parties 以 o 结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情况而变:O结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以 o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以 o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。有生命: potato (土豆) -p
4、otatoes, tomato(西红杮) -tomatoes, hero(英雄) -heroes, Negro(黑人) -Negroes 如无生命 :zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo (竹竿)-bamboos, tobacco(烟丝) -tobaccos 2)两人两菜一水果。(+es)小学-中学课本中以 o 结尾的名词构成复数时, 加 es 的只有 Negro(黑人) ,hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),mango (芒果)这就是“两人两菜一水果” 。3)其
5、余以 o 结尾的名词变复数时均加s。图景:你在“ zoo”里,看见一要“ bamboo ” ,上面挂着一张“ photo” ,所照的是一架“ piano ” ,上面放着一台“ radio ” 。zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios. 2. 名词复数的不规则变化:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页2 把 oo 变成 ee,如: foot (脚) feet, tooth(牙齿) teeth, goose(鹅)-geese 把词
6、尾 man变成 men ,如:woman( 妇女) women, policeman(警察)-policemen, fisherman (渔民) fishermen, Frenchman (法国男人) Frenchmen, Englishman(英国男人) Englishmen, 注意:German(德国人) Germans, human humans, walkmanwalkmans 表示民族的名词顺口溜(1) “中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2) “英、法”联盟 a 变 e。(3)其他一律加 s 即 Chinese,Japanese 单复数同形; Englishman,Frenchman的复数
7、为Englishmen,Frenchmen ;其他像 German ,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s” 。在词尾加 en 或 ren 变成复数,如: oxoxen, childchildren, 单复数同形,如: sheepsheep, deer deer, ChineseChinese, Japanese Japanese means-means( 方法,手段 ) 注意 : fish的复数有两种:同种鱼,只表示鱼的数量多,不加es:There are nearly 500 fish in the pond. 强调有不同种类的鱼时要加es:There are
8、all kinds of fishes in the pond. 其它一些常见名词的不规则变化: mouse(老鼠) mice ; basis bases (基础) ; oasis oases( 绿洲) ,datumdata (数据); medium-media(媒体) 、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2 、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8 、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12 、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18
9、、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页3 3. There are four and two in the group
10、. A. Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That s art book.A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already (已经) . A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C.
11、six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.They come from differe
12、nt _A. country B.countries C. a country D. countrys11. How many _do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 12. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 13. Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. t
13、wo glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 14. Most of _ live in _. A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany 15. There are some _ in these _.A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes 16. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travellin
14、g B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页4 D. The Greens, traveling A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples 三). 填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two_ (knife) 2. There are many _ here. (box) 3. There are many _ on the road. (bus) 4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _ are playing football now. (child) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页