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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE2021/3/1112Unit4 LoveandMarriage 2021/3/112ContentStartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject2021/3/113Task1Workingroupstolistthepossiblerelationshipsanormalhumanbeingwillencounterinhislifetime.Alsolistthewo
2、rdsandactivitiesrelatedtoacertainrelationship.StartingoutStartingoutTask1Task12021/3/114e.g.Friendship,work,peer,love,parental,marriageWordsforreference:Friendship:care,association友谊；伙伴,esteem尊重,empathy,friendliness,attachment依恋,affinity密切关系；姻亲关系,bond,harmony,intimacy,affection喜爱;goingtomovies,heart
3、-to-heart率直的talk,playingsportstogetherStartingoutStartingoutTask1Task12021/3/115Work:co-worker,managers,teamleaders,businesstalk,businesslunch工作午餐,teamwork,promotionLove:affection,attraction,romanticdating,candlelitdinner,hug,kiss,courtship求爱；求婚Parental:unconditionallove,deepcareStartingoutStartingo
4、utTask1Task12021/3/116SonsfeelingforhisfatherWorried,care,love,FathersfeelingforhissonLove,affectionFathersfeelingforhislatewife亡妻Love,memoryStartingoutStartingoutTask2Task22021/3/117Task3 Read the following paragraph and discuss with your partner what makes a happy marriage and why.TheBeatlessang,“
5、Allyouneedislove.”Yourfriendsmighttellyou,“Goodcommunicationisallyoureallyneed.”Yourparentsadviseyou,“Thekeyistomarrysomeonewiththesamevalues.”Whatdoyouthinkisessentialfor对必不可少的ahappymarriage?StartingoutStartingoutTask3Task32021/3/118Love and Loving RelationshipsReadingFocusReadingFocus2021/3/119Glo
6、balUnderstanding2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4TextandLanguagePoints5ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation12021/3/1110ReadingFocusReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding1(Paras.1-3)2(Paras.4-7)3(Paras.8-12)Loveisessentialforhumansurvival.Whatislove?Whatbringspeopletogether
7、?TextExploration2021/3/1111Discuss in groups to identify the missing information.ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPartI（1-3）Mainidea:Loveisessentialforhumansurvival.Arguments:A._B._C._Thefamilyistheearliestandmostimportantsourceofloveandemotionalsupport.Childrendeprivedoflovehavebeenknowntodevelopavar
8、ietyofproblems.Researchshowsthequalityofcareinfantsreceivedaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends.2021/3/1112ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPartID._E._F._Loveforoneself,orself-love自爱；自恋自爱；自恋,isalsoessentialforoursocialandemotionaldevelopment.Socialscientistsdescribeself-loveasimportantforself-esteem
9、自尊；自负自尊；自负.Peoplewhodontlikethemselvesmaynotbeabletoreturnlovebutmayconstantlyseekloverelationshipstobolster支持；支撑支持；支撑theirownpoorself-images.2021/3/1113ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPartII（4-7）Mainidea:Whatislove?Arguments:A.Loveisan_Supportingevidence:a._b._c._d._elusive难懂的；易忘的难懂的；易忘的conceptPeopl
10、egiveavarietyofanswerswhenaskedwhatloveis.Lovehasmanydimensions规模；程度；范围规模；程度；范围，重要性，重要性.Itcanberomantic,exciting,obsessive着迷的着迷的,andirrational,platonic不切实际的不切实际的,calming,altruistic利利他的；无私心的他的；无私心的,andsensible.Itvariesindegree等级等级andintensity强度强度andacrosssocialcontexts.2021/3/1114ReadingMoreGlobal Un
11、derstandingPartIIB.Threeelementsarenecessaryforaloverelationship:Supportingevidence:a._b._c._C._Supportingevidence:_awillingnesstopleaseandaccommodate容纳容纳theother.anacceptanceoftheotherpersonsfaultsandshortcomings.asmuchconcernaboutthelovedoneswelfare幸福，福利幸福，福利asonesown.Love,especiallylong-termlove,
12、hasnothingincommon毫无共同点毫无共同点withtheimagesofloveorfrenzied疯狂的疯狂的sexthatwegetfromHollywood,television,andromancenovels.“Real”loveisclosertowhatoneauthorcalled“stirring-the-oatmeal燕麦粥燕麦粥love”.2021/3/1115ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPartIII（8-12）Mainidea:_Arguments:A._B._C._Whatbringspeopletogether?An
13、disthereapersonouttherethatoneismeantfor?Empiricalstudiesshowthatculturalnormsandvalues,notfate,bringpeopletogether.Criticismandapprovalteachuswhatisacceptableromanticbehaviorandwithwhom.Lust性欲；强烈的欲望性欲；强烈的欲望anddesirearedifferentfromloveespeciallyromanticlove.2021/3/1116ReadingMoreGlobal Understandin
14、gPartIIID._E._Oneshouldnotconcludethatdesirealwaysculminatesinphysicalintimacyorthatdesireisthesameasromanticlove.Healthyloverelationships,whetherphysicalornot(suchasloveforfamilymembers),reflectabalanceofcaring,intimacy,andcommitment承诺承诺.2021/3/1117Task2Choose the sentence that best expresses the m
15、eaning of the sentence from the text. (P105)Key:12345678910BABCDBCDCBReadingFocusReadingFocus DetailedInformation2021/3/1118CriticalThinkingReadingFocus2021/3/11192021/3/1120Byintroducingthethemesof“Changes,ChoicesandConstraints”whenpresentingthebasicconcepts,theory,researchandstatisticsaboutmarriag
16、esandfamilies,Benokraitisdiscusseshowcontemporarychanges infamiliesandtheirstructureimpactthechoicesstudentsactuallyhave,andhowsocietycanconstrain束缚束缚theirmarriages,familiesandrelationships.Throughthisapproach,studentsarebetterabletounderstandwhattheresearchandstatisticsmeanfor themselves!2021/3/112
17、1Seeingthattherewasaneedforatextthatreflectedtheissueslikeraceandethnicity种族划种族划分分,remarriageandstepfamilies再婚家庭再婚家庭,andsexuality,thatfacestudentsandtheirfamilies,ProfessorBenokraitiswroteMarriage and Familiesasawaytoshowstudentsboththechoicesandconstraintsthatfamiliesfaceinmodernsociety.2021/3/1122
18、StepOneRead the following sentences from the text and decide whether you agree with the author. Work in groups to provide examples to support your opinions.1.Loveasbothanemotionandabehaviorisessentialforhumansurvival.2.Loveforoneself,orself-love,isalsoessentialforoursocialandemotionaldevelopment.3.L
19、oveisanelusive难捉摸难捉摸、难懂的、难懂的concept.4.Lovehasmanydimensions.ReadingFocusCriticalThinking2021/3/1123StepTwoDiscuss in groups the following questions.1.Whatdoyouthinkistheidealrelationship?2.Whatisessentialforalong-termrelationship?3.Peoplesayitsdifficulttomaintainlong-termrelationshipnowadays.Doyouag
20、reeandwhy?ReadingFocusCriticalThinking2021/3/1124ReadingFocusThefollowingtextisextractedfromMarriagesandFamiliesbyNijoleV.Benokraitis.ThebookhasbeenusedasatextbookforsociologycoursesandwomensstudiesinanumberofuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Ithighlights突出，强调突出，强调importantcontemporarychangesinsocietyan
21、dthefamily2021/3/1125andexploresthechoicesthatareavailabletofamilymembers,aswellastheconstraintsthatmanyofusdonotrecognize.ItexaminesthediversityofAmericanfamiliestoday,usingcross-culturalandmulticultural多种文化的多种文化的comparisonstoencouragecreativethinkingaboutthemanycriticalissues关键关键问题；重要的问题问题；重要的问题th
22、atconfrontthefamilyofthetwenty-firstcentury.2021/3/1126LOVEANDLOVINGRELATIONSHIPS1. Love as both an emotion and abehavior is essential for humansurvival. The family is usually ourearliest and most important source oflove andemotionalsupport.Babies andchildren deprived of love have beenknown to devel
23、op a wide variety ofproblems-forexample,2021/3/1127depression,headaches,physiologicalimpairments,andneuroticandpsychosomaticdifficulties-thatsometimes last a lifetime. In contrast,infants who are loved and cuddledtypicallygainmoreweight,cryless,andsmile more. By five years of age, theyhave been foun
24、d to have significantlyhigher IQs and to score higher onlanguagetests.2021/3/11282.Muchresearchshowsthatthequalityofcareinfantsreceiveaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends,howwelltheydoin school, how they react to new andpossiblystressfulsituations,andhowtheyformandmaintainlovingrelationshipsasadul
25、ts.2021/3/1129Itisforthesereasonsthatpeoplesearlyintimaterelationshipswithintheirfamilyof origin1 are so critical. Children whoare raised in impersonal environments(orphanage, some foster homes, orunloving families) show emotional andsocial underdevelopment, language andmotor skills retardation, and
26、 mentalhealthproblems.2021/3/11303. Love for oneself, or self-love, is alsoessential for our social and emotionaldevelopment. Actress Mae West oncesaid,Inever lovedanotherperson theway I loved myself. Although such astatement may seem self-centered, itsactually quite insightful Social scientistsdesc
27、ribe self-love as an important oasisfor self- esteem. Among other things,people who like themselves are moreopentocriticismandlessdemandingofothers.2021/3/1131Fromm(1956)sawself-loveasanecessary prerequisiteforlovingothers.Peoplewhodontlikethemselvesmaynotbeabletoreturnlovebutmayconstancyseek love r
28、elationships to bolster theirown poor self-images. But just what islove?Whatbringspeopletogether?2021/3/11324.Loveisanelusiveconcept.Wehaveallexperiencedloveandfeelweknowwhatitis;however,whenaskedwhatloveis,peoplegiveavarietyofanswers.According to a nine-year-old boy, forexample, Love is like an ava
29、lanchewhere you have to run for your life.What we mean by love depends onwhether we are talking about love forfamilymembers,friends,orlovers.Lovehas been a source of inspiration, wrywitticisms, and even political action formanycenturies.2021/3/11335.Lovehasmanydimensions.Itcanberomantic,exciting,obs
30、essive,andirrational- It can also be platonic,calming, altruistic, and sensible? Manyresearchersfeelthatlovedefiesasingledefinitionbecauseitvariesindegreeandintensity and across social contexts. Atthe very least, three elements arenecessaryforalovingrelationship:2021/3/1134(1)awillingnesstopleaseand
31、accommodate the other person, even ifthis involves compromise and sacrifice;(2) an acceptance of the other personsfaultsandshortcomings;and(3)asmuchconcernaboutthelovedoneswelfareasonesown.And,peoplewhosaytheyarein love emphasize caring, intimacy,andcommitment.2021/3/11356.Inanytypeoflove,caringabou
32、ttheother person is essential. Although lovemay,involvepassionateyearning,respectis a more important quality. Respect isinherent固固有有的的，内内在在的的inalllove:“Iwantthelovedpersontogrowandunfold发发展展for his own sake, andinhis own ways,andnotforthepurposeofservingme.2021/3/1136If respect and caring are missin
33、g, therelationshipisnotbasedonlove.Instead,itisanunhealthyorpossessivedependencythatlimitstheloverssocial,emotional,andintellectualgrowth.2021/3/11377. Love, especially long-term love, hasnothing in common with the images oflove or .frenzied sex that we get fromHollywood,television,andromancenovels.
34、 Because of these images, manypeople believe a variety of myths aboutlove.Thesemisconceptionsoftenleadtounrealisticexpectations,stereotypes,anddisillusionment.2021/3/1138Infact,realloveisclosertowhatoneauthorcalledstirring-the-oatmeallove(Johnson 1985). This type of love isneither exciting nor thril
35、ling but isrelatively mundane and unromantic. Itmeans paying bills, putting out thegarbage,scrubbingtoiletbowls,beingupallnightwithasickbaby,andperforming myriad other “oatmeal”tasksthatarenotverysexy.2021/3/11398. Some partners take turns stirring theoatmeal.Otherpeopleseekrelationshipsthat offer c
36、andlelit gourmet meals in aromantic setting. Whether we decide toenteraseriousrelationshipornot,whattypeoflovebringspeopletogether?2021/3/11409.Whatattractsindividualstoeachotherin the first place? Many people believethat “theres one person out there thatone is meant for” and that destiny willbring
37、them together. Such beliefs areromanticbutunrealistic.Empirical(经经验验的的)studies show that cultural norms andvalues,notfate,bringpeopletogether.2021/3/1141Wewillnevermeetmillionsofpotentialloversbecausetheyare“filteredout”byformal or informal rules on partnereligibility(适适任任，合合格格)duetofactorssuchasage
38、,race,distance,socialclass,religion,sexual orientation, health, or physicalappearance.2021/3/114210.Beginninginchildhood,parentsencourage or limit future romanticliaisonsbyselectingcertainneighborhoods and schools. In earlyadolescence, peer norms influence theadolescents decisions about acceptablero
39、mantic involvements (You want todate who?!). Even during the preteenyears,romanticexperiencesareculturedin the sense that societal and grouppracticesandexpectationsshaperomanticexperience.2021/3/1143Althoughromancemaycrossculturalorethnic borders, criticism and approvalteach us what is acceptable ro
40、manticbehavior and with whom. One mightlustforsomeone,buttheseyearningswillnotleadmostofustofallinloveiftherearestrongculturalorgroupbans.2021/3/114411. Regan and Berscheid (1999) differentiatebetween lust, desire, and romantic love. Theydescribe lust as primarily physical rather thanemotional,acond
41、itionthatmaybeconsciousorunconscious.Desire,incontrast,isapsychologicalinwhichonewantsarelationshipthatonedoesntnowhave,ortoengageinanactivityinwhichoneisnotpresentlyengaged.Desiremayormaynotleadtoromanticlove(whichtheauthorsequatewithpassionateorerotic性爱的性爱的love).2021/3/1145ReganandBerscheidsuggest
42、thatdesireis an essential ingredient for initiatingandmaintainingromanticlove.Ifdesiredisappears,apersonisnolongersaidtobeinastateofromanticlove.Oncedesirediminishes, disappointed lovers maywonder where the spark in theirrelationshiphasgoneandmayreminisceregretfully (and longingly) about thegoodoldd
43、ays.2021/3/114612.Oneshouldnotconclude,however,thatdesire always culminates in physicalintimacy or that desire is the same asromantic love. Married partners mayloveeachothereventhoughtheyrarely,ornever,engageinphysicalintimacy.2021/3/1147Inaddition,therearesomenotabledifferencesbetweenlove-especiall
44、ylong-termlove-andromanticlove.Healthylovingrelationships,whetherphysicalornot(suchasloveforfamilymembers),reflectabalanceofcaring,intimacy,andcommitment.2021/3/11481.Babiesandchildrendeprivedoflovehaveknowntodevelopawidevarietyofproblemforexample,depression,headaches,physiologicalimpairments,andneu
45、roticandpsychosomaticdifficultiesthatsometimeslastalifetime.(Para.1)ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint deprivedof:剥夺；使丧失剥夺；使丧失e.g.Hewasdeprivedofhisrightstoeducation.Moretolearn2021/3/1149impairment:thefactthatapartofyourbodyisunabletodosomethingfully（身体机能的）受损 e.g.a hearing impairment 听力受损 neuro
46、tic:extremelyworriedaboutsomethinginanunreasonableway极端焦虑的；神经质的psychosomatic:oforrelatingtoaphysicaldisorderorillnessthatiscausedorseemstobeinfluencedbyemotionalfactors（疾病）由身心失调引起的；由精神压力引起的2021/3/11502.Amongotherthings,peoplewholikethemselvesaremoreopentocriticismandlessdemandingofothers.(Para.3)Rea
47、dingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint amongotherthings:除了别的以外，此外除了别的以外，此外e.g.1)Shesverykeenon喜爱喜爱sport:amongotherthings,sheplaystennistwiceaweek.demanding:(指人指人)对他人要求高的对他人要求高的,苛求的苛求的e.g.Childrenaresodemanding:theyneedconstantattention.2021/3/11513.Lovehasmanydimensions.(Para.5)dimension:anaspectofasit
48、uationthatinfluencesthewaythatyouthinkaboutthesituation方面；部分；规模；程度；范围 e.g.1)Thereisadimensiontotheproblemthatwehavenotdiscussed.2)Thereisapoliticaldimensiontotheaccusations控告，指控.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2021/3/11524.Althoughlovemayinvolvepassionateyearning,respectisamoreimportantqualit
49、y.(Para.6)ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint yearning: n.astrongdesireorfeelingofwantingsomething向往，思慕，向往，思慕，渴望渴望e.g.1)Hehadadeepyearningtoreturntohishometown.2)IsupposeitsbecauseIliveinacrowdedcitythatIhavethisyearningforopenspaces空地；露天场所空地；露天场所.2021/3/11535.Evenduringthepreteenyears,romanticex
50、periencesareculturedinthesensethatsocietalandgrouppracticesandexpectationsshaperomanticexperience.(Para.10)preteen:of,relatingto,characteristicof,ordesignedforpreteens13岁以下儿童的，接近青春期的 e.g.preteen fashions 青春期前儿童时装societal:relatingtoaparticularsociety,orthewaysocietyisorganized社会的社会的 e.g.societal chan
51、ges 社会变革 societal forces 社会势力 ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2021/3/11546.ReganandBerscheid(1999)differentiatebetweenlust,desire,andromanticlove.(Para.11)differentiate:toseeorshowadifferencebetweenthings=distinguish识别；看出识别；看出的差别的差别e.g.1)Neiliscolor-blind色盲的andcannotdifferentiatebetweenredand
52、green.2)Itssometimeshardtodifferentiateonesamplefromanother.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2021/3/11557.Oncedesirediminishes,disappointedloversmaywonderwherethe“spark”intheirrelationshiphasgoneandmayreminisceregretfully(andlongingly)about“thegoodolddays”.(Para.11)ReadingFocusReadingFocus Lan
53、guagePoint diminish:tobecomeless,ortomakesomethingbecomeless（使）变小；（使）减少（使）变小；（使）减少e.g.Suddenlythewinddiminishedandtheseasgrewcalmagain.突然风变小了，大海突然风变小了，大海又平静了下来。又平静了下来。Moretolearn2021/3/1156Exercise:Choosetheappropriatewordtofillintheblank,changetheformwhennecessary.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguageP
54、oint diminishdecreasereduce1)Ourwatersupply_asaresultofthedrought干旱干旱.2)Therehasbeenasteady_inpopulationinthiscity.3)Thehelmetlaw安全帽法案安全帽法案should_injuriesinmotorcycleaccidents.hasdiminisheddecreasereduceMoretolearndiminish：指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，：指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降也指在素质或者价值的下降，表示减少损失。表示减少损失。d
55、ecrease：强调数目或使人不快之物的逐渐减少。：强调数目或使人不快之物的逐渐减少。reduce：指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少：指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低，也可以表示尺寸、程度或强度的减少，或降低，也可以表示尺寸、程度或强度的减少，词义引伸之后，可以表示地位、处境、状况的降低。词义引伸之后，可以表示地位、处境、状况的降低。2021/3/1157reminisce:v.torecallortalkaboutpastexperiences,events,etc.追忆往事，缅怀往事；追忆往事，缅怀往事；回忆，话旧回忆，话旧e.g.Wespenttheeveningremin
56、iscingaboutouruniversitydays.我们整晚都在追忆我们我们整晚都在追忆我们的大学时光。的大学时光。2021/3/1158Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Task1Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P107)AACBBCDCReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction AC2021/3/1159Task21.Thetwocountrieshavealways_c
57、loserelations.2.Whenweretogether,allhetalksaboutisbusiness.Iwishheweremore_.3.Themuseumisclosedwhile_repairsarebeingcarriedout.4.Shehadpackedtwocaseswithclothes,towelsandother_.5.Hiscoachinghasaddedanother_tomygame.Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsinthebox.Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelow
58、andexplainitsmeaning.Changetheformifnecessary.(P107)maintained(a)romantic(a)ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction maintain,intimate,essential,defy,dimension,romanticessential(a)essentials(c)dimension(c)2021/3/11606.Werenoton_termswithourneighbours.7.He_thatthemoneywasdonatedforinternationalpurp
59、oses.8.Thebeautyofthescene_description.9.He_hiswisheswithaslightnodofhishead.10.Computersdesigntoolsthatworkinthree_.intimate(a)maintains(c)defies(b)intimated(d)ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction dimensions(a)2021/3/116111.ThiswasthefirsttimethatIdaredto_mymother.12.ThecastleissetinoneofEngl
60、andsmost_landscapes.13.Ididnotrealizethe_oftheproblem.14.Herincomewasbarelyenoughto_onechild,letalonethree.15.Hesurprisedmewithhis_knowledgeofKierkegaardandSchopenhauer.defy(a)romantic(b)dimensions(b)ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabularyinAction maintain(d)intimate(c)2021/3/1162ReadingFocusReadingFocus
61、VocabularyinAction Task3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)prerequisitedaterespectimportantwhomevercandidateshighlyessentialsuitablesufficient2021/3/1163Critical ThinkingCritical ThinkingReadingMoreReadingMore2021/3/116
62、4StepOneWork together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text youve just read.1.Whatcausedtheproblemsinthemarriageoftheoldcouplewhentheywereyoung?2.Whatwasthecauseforthechangesthatoccurredlaterwhentheygotold?3.Ifyouwereamarriageconsultant,whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoco
63、upleswhohavethesameproblemsastheoldcouplehadinthepassage?ReadingMoreCriticalThinking2021/3/1165StepTwoDiscuss in groups the following questions.1.Whydoweneedmarriagetoday?Isitloneliness?Isitteamwork?Sharewithyourclassmatesyourideasaboutwhypeoplegetmarried.2.“Youdonotmarrysomeoneyoucanlivewith;youmar
64、rythepersonyoucannotlivewithout.”Doyouagreewiththesaying?Giveyourreasons.ReadingMoreCriticalThinking2021/3/1166PracticalTranslationPracticalTranslation2021/3/1167被动语态是一种表明句子的谓语和主语间关系的语法手被动语态是一种表明句子的谓语和主语间关系的语法手段。在翻译时要根据英汉语言的特点，从句式和辅助词语两段。在翻译时要根据英汉语言的特点，从句式和辅助词语两个方面进行语态转换。个方面进行语态转换。被动句的翻译被动句的翻译1按原句式翻
65、译按原句式翻译英语被动句是由英语被动句是由“助动词助动词be+过去分词过去分词”构成，在译成构成，在译成汉语时，可以用汉语时，可以用“被被”、“受受”、“遭遭”、“让让”、“给给”、“由由”、“把把”、“为为所所”、“加以加以”、“予以予以”等词来表达。等词来表达。2021/3/11682 2译成主动句译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语的被动句被译成汉语的主动句，使句子更符合汉语的习惯。3 3译成判断句译成判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。此类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。4 4It + be +past participle +
66、 that It + be +past participle + that 引导的从句的翻译英语中这样的句子在汉语中可以译成不带主语或带主语的句。5 5某些表示被动含义的句型的翻译。某些表示被动含义的句型的翻译。2021/3/1169e.g.1)Thehouseneededpainting.译文：房子需要油漆一下了。2)Thepossibilityofemployingmorestaffisstillunderdiscussion.译文：是否雇用更多的员工还在研究中。解析：英语句子虽然看上去是主动语态，含义却是被动解析：英语句子虽然看上去是主动语态，含义却是被动的，翻译成中文通常也用主动形式。
67、的，翻译成中文通常也用主动形式。2021/3/1170TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Payparticularattentiontotheadverbialclauses.ParagraphOneMuchresearchshowsthatthequalityofcareinfantsreceiveaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends,howwelltheydoinschool,howtheyreacttonewandpossiblystressfulsituations,andhowtheyform
68、andmaintainlovingrelationshipsasadults.Itisforthesereasonsthatpeoplesearlyintimaterelationshipswithintheirfamilyoforiginaresocritical.Childrenwhoareraisedinimpersonalenvironments(orphanages,somefosterhomes,orunlovingfamilies)showemotionalandsocialunderdevelopment,languageandmotorskillsretardation,an
69、dmentalhealthproblems.2021/3/1171TranslationforReference:ParagraphOne很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中（如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，缺乏关爱的家庭）长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。2021/3/1172ParagraphTwoWhatattractsindividualstoeachotherint
70、hefirstplace?Manypeoplebelievethat“theresonepersonouttherethatoneismeantfor”andthatdestinywillbringthemtogether.Suchbeliefsareromanticbutunrealistic.Empiricalstudiesshowthatculturalnormsandvalues,notfate,bringpeopletogether.Wewillnevermeetmillionsofpotentialloversbecausetheyare“filteredout”byformalo
71、rinformalrulesonpartnereligibilityduetofactorssuchasage,race,distance,socialclass,religion,sexualorientation,health,orphysicalappearance.2021/3/1173TranslationforReference:一开始让人相互吸引的是什么？许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人
72、的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。2021/3/1174ExpositoryEssays(1)FocusedWritingFocusedWriting2021/3/1175ExpositorykspztrEssaysAnexpositoryessayisanexplanatoryessay.Itexplainsthetopictothereaderandshowsthatthewriterunderstandsthetopic.Itexplainscomplicatedideasthroughreasoning,examples,descri
73、ption,statisticsanddefinition.Thatis,it“posits”informationbysupportinganideaorargumentwithclearevidence.Itshouldbewell-structuredwithaclearlystatedthesis.Thethesisshouldbeclearlyandobjectivelyanalyzedandstatesthewritersmainargument.Therestoftheessaythensupportsorsubstantiatesthethesiswithclearreason
74、ing.FocusedWritingFocusedWritingWritingSkillWritingSkill2021/3/1176Strategiestodevelopanexpositoryessay:exemplification,definition,classification,comparisonandcontrast,andcause-and-effect.FocusedWritingFocusedWritingWritingSkillWritingSkill1.ExemplificationExamplesinanessayfunctiontosupport,clarify,
75、interest,andpersuade.2.DefinitionTowriteasuccessfuldefinitionyoumustsharealltheknowledgeyouhaveobtainedonthesubject.2021/3/11773.ClassificationAclassificationhasthreeprinciples:consistency,exclusivenessandcompleteness.FocusedWritingFocusedWritingWritingSkillWritingSkillConsistencymeansthepartsormemb
76、ersoftheclassificationmustbebasedonthesameprincipleofdivision.Exclusivenessrequiresthatthepartsormembersshouldnotoverlap.Completenessinclassificationlaysemphasisonthefactthatnopartormembercanbeomittedinaclassification.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatacompletelistofallmembersisnecessaryinanessay.2021/3/11
77、78FinalProject2021/3/1179FinalProjectRole-playWorktogetherwithtwopartners.Imagineyouaretheparentsandthedaughter.Theparentsareplanningavacationandtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhosgoingtopayforwhat.Thediscussioneventuallyleadstoalistingofeachothersfaults.Thedaughtertriestohelptheparentstosolvetheirproblem.Role-playaconversationofthethreepeople. 2021/3/1180Thefollowingwordsandexpressionsareforyourreference:FinalProjectIalwaysthoughtwed.selfish,notconsiderate,mean,Thatsjustyouropinion!whatever,youneverknowwhatIwant2021/3/1181ThankYou!2021/3/1182
