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1、介词的用法介词的用法- -初中初中一、介词的概念与分类介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词是一种用来表示词与词，或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子。介词一般可以分为三种。简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；二重介词，如until after, from behind等。二、介词具体的分类归纳1、地点(位置、范围)介词：above在前, ac
2、ross在对面, after在后面, along在近旁, among在中间, around在周围, round在.周围, at在处, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁边, between在.之间, down在.下面, from来自., in在.里面, inside在.里面, near靠近., on在.上面, out of在.之外, outside在.外面, over在.上方, under在.下方, up在.上面, on top of在.顶部, in front of在.前, close to靠近., in the middle of在.的中间,
3、 at the end of在.的末端,等等。 2、方向(目标趋向)介词 across横越., along沿着., around绕着., round环绕., at朝着., betweenand从到., by路过/通过., for向., from从/离., into进入., near接近., off脱离/除., out of向.外,past经过/超过., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到.上面, away from远离.3、时间介词：about大约., after在以后, at在 (时刻), before在以前, by到为止, during在期间, f
4、or有(之久),from从(时)起, insince自从(至今), through 贯穿(期间), till直到时, until直到时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在.开始时 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.当中 ,at the time of在.时4、方式介词： as作为/当作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(语言), like与一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼)
5、, without没有5、涉及介词:about关于., except除了, besides除了还. for对于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有关., on关于/有关., to对而言, towards针对., with就而言6、其它介词:【目的介词】 for为了., from防止, to为了 【原因介词】 for因为., with由于, because of因为. 【比较介词】 as与一样,like象一样,than比.,to与相比, unlike与不同【伴随/状态介词】against和一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着(衣服/颜色),into变成.,on在(
6、值日), with与一起,有/带着/长着., without没有/无/不与一起三、主要介词区别1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 199
7、8, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each othe
8、r since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于：in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in,
9、on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in the newspaper.He dug a hole in the wall.6、
10、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，on the corner表示“在角上”，at the corner指“在拐角处”，如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at th
11、e street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a b
12、eautiful garden. They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important. He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，a
13、mong用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是
14、用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him read
15、ing anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud
16、 voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一
17、样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
