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1、Unit-8-Brave-it-OutUnit-8-Brave-it-OutUnit8BraveitOutGrammar句子的种类句子的种类CategoriesofSentences1.陈述句陈述句(DeclarativeSentences)v用来说明事实或说话人的看法。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天骑自行车上学。TheyarehavinganEnglishclassnow.他们现在正在上英语课。Shedoesntlikeplayingbasketball.她不喜欢打篮球。陈述句的否定形式:1)凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词be, have/has 或情态动词或情态动
2、词can, may, must, will, shall等等时,其否定式只需在它们后面加not即可。如:TomcanspeakEnglish.(肯定句)汤姆会讲英语。TomcannotspeakEnglish.(否定句)汤姆不会讲英语。2)如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词,而没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定式要在行为动词前加donot或第三人称单数加doesnot;动词是过去时,在动词前加didnot;后面的谓语动词用动词原形。如:Theywenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.(肯定句)他们昨天骑车上学。Theydidnotgotoschoolbybikeyesterday.
3、(否定句)他们昨天没骑车上学。Shestudiesveryhard.(肯定句)她非常努力学习。Shedoesnotstudyveryhard.(否定句)她学习不很努力。下列句子改为否定句:v1.Hedoessomereadingeveryday.vHe_readingeveryday.v2.Ihavetowashthedishes.vI_washthedishes.v3.Tellhimthenews.v_himthenews.v4.Shehasbrothersandsisters.vShe_brothers_sisters.v5.Ithinksheisright.vI_she_right.do
4、esntdoanydonthavetoDonttelldoesnthaveordontthinkis2.疑问句疑问句(InterrogativeSentences)v有四种形式:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。句和反意疑问句。Doesshelikemusic?(一般疑问句)她喜欢音乐吗?HowmuchistheT-shirt?(特殊疑问句)这件T-恤衫多少钱?YouareinClass2,arentyou?(反意疑问句)你在二班,不是吗?Isyourpenfriendaboyoragirl?(选择疑问句)你的笔友是男孩还是女孩?v以情态动词、助动
5、词或系动词情态动词、助动词或系动词be开头开头的疑问句。一般疑问句需以Yes或或No回答。如:-Doesshelikemusic?她喜欢音乐吗?-Yes,shedoes.是的,她喜欢。-Isthereamaponthewall?墙上有地图吗?-No,thereisnt.不,没有。1)一般疑问句)一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):v-Didyougotoschoolyesterday?你昨天上学了吗?-Yes,Idid.是的,我去了。一般疑问句的答语有时可用Certainly,Ofcourse,Sure等回答,如:-MayIuseyourpen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?-Certain
6、ly.当然可以。下列句子改为一般疑问句:v1.Thereissomefruitjuiceintheglass.v_fruitjuiceintheglass?v2.Hehastostayhere.v_he_tostaythere?v3.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.v_you_eyeexerciseseveryday?v4.Shehassomethingtoeat.v_she_toeat?v5.Iamgoodatsinginganddancing.v_yougoodatsinging_dancing?IsthereanyDoeshaveDodoDoeshaveanything
7、Areor2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(SpecialQuestions)v是以疑问词开始的疑问句。常用的疑问词有:who/whom(谁谁),whose(谁的谁的),what(什么什么),which(哪哪个,那些个,那些),when/whattime(什么时间什么时间),where(什么地方什么地方),why(为什么为什么),how(如何如何),Howmany/much(多少多少)等等。等等。特殊疑问句由“疑问词加一般疑问句”构成。对主语提问时,语序与陈述句相同。特殊疑问句要根据问句的内容如实回答,不再用yes或no。如:-Whoisthemanoverthere?那边那个人是谁?-Heisour
8、Englishteacher.他是我们英语老师。-Whyareyoulateforschooltoday?你今天为什么上学迟到?-Imisstheearlybus.我没赶上早班公交车。-Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的外衣?-ItsToms.这是汤姆的对划线部分提问v1.Mymothergoestoworkbybike.v_yourmother_towork?v2.ThatisamapofFrance.v_mapisthat?v3.IthinkChinesefoodisverynice.v_doyou_Chinesefood?v4.Thestudentsliketheirteacher
9、verymuch.v_dothestudents_theirteacher?v5.Hisuncleisabusinessman.v_hisuncle_?HowdoesgoWhatHowthinkofHowlikeWhatdoesdov6.ItsSundaytoday.v_isittoday?v7.Therearesixkitesinthesky.v_inthesky?v8.HelivesinRoom306.v_he_in?v9.Shelooksworriedbecauseshecantfindherdog.v_she_worried?v10.Ittakeshimhalfanhourtowrit
10、ethee-mail.v_it_himtowritethee-mail?WhatdayHowmanykitesarethereWhichroomdoesliveWhydoeslookHowlongdoestake3)选择疑问句)选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions)v提出两种或多种情况,要求对方选择一种。结构是“一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+省略的一般疑问句省略的一般疑问句”,或用疑问词,或用疑问词which,whose等等提问。回答时须选择其中一种情况回答,不能用yes或no回答。如:-Isthisabasketballorafootball?这是篮球还是足球?-Itsabas
11、ketball.这是篮球。-Whichisyourbag,theblueoneortheyellowone?哪个是你的书包,蓝的还是黄的?-Theblueone.蓝色的。将下列句子翻译成英语v你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球?vv你准备乘火车还是乘汽车?vv你想要什么。咖啡还是茶?vv你有几只笔,一支还是两支?vDoyoulikeplayingfootballorbasketball?Willyougotherebybusorbytrain?Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?Howmanypensdoyouhave,oneortwo?4)反意疑问句)反意疑问句(Disjuncti
12、veQuestions)v表示提问者有一定的主见,但没把握,希望对方来证实。反意疑问句由两部分的构成反意疑问句由两部分的构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是省略型的简单问句。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分要用否定式;前一部分用否定式,后一部分要用肯定式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。即即“前肯后否,前否后肯。前肯后否,前否后肯。”对反意疑问句的回答:不管问题的提法如何,事实是肯定的,要用yes,事实是否定的,要用no。这和汉语不一样,要特别注意。-YouarefromAustralia,arentyou?你来自澳大利亚,不是吗?-No,Imnot.ImfromCanada.不,不是。我来自加拿
13、大。-Shedidntvisitherauntyesterday,didshe?她昨天没去看她的阿姨,是吗?-Yes,shedid.不,她去了。反义疑问句练习v1.Hehasalotofworktodo,_?v2.UncleWangforgottobringyourbag,_?v3.Itsfinetoday,_?v4.TomwantstogethisTVsetback,_?v5.JackdidntwatchTVlastnight,_?v6.Openthewindows,_?v7.MissGreenisgoingtoworkinLondon,_?v8.LucyhadapartylastSunda
14、y,_?doesnt/hasnthedidnthedidntheisntitdoesnthedidhewill/wontyouisntshedidntshe3.祈使句祈使句(ImperativeSentences)v用来表示命令、劝告等。说话的对象是第二人称,“you”常被省略。句末用句号或叹号。1)祈使句的开头用动词原形,如:Sitdown,please.请坐。Closethedoor,please.请关门。2)祈使句的否定式在句首用Dont,有时用Never,如:Dontputtheflowersonthetable,please.别把花儿放在桌子上。Neverdoitagain.再不要这
15、么做了。祈使句练习v1.Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late.v2._(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.v3._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite.v4._(not,talk)and_(read)aloud.v5._(look)out!Acariscoming.DontbeDontmakeDontspeakbeDonttalkreadLook4.感叹句感叹句(ExclamatorySentencesv多用how或what引起,来表达强烈的感情。1)“Ho
16、w+形容词或副词形容词或副词+主语主语+谓语!谓语!”Hownicetheflowersare!这些花儿多好哇!HowfastTomisridingonhisbike!汤姆骑车多快呀!2)“What+a(an)+形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词+主主语语+谓语!谓语!”Whatabigappleitis!多么大的苹果呀!Whataninterestingbookitis!多么有趣的书呀!v3)“What+形容词形容词+复数名词或不可数名词复数名词或不可数名词+主语主语+谓语!谓语!”Whatgoodstudentstheyare!他们是多好的学生啊!Whatbadnewsitis!多么糟
17、糕的消息呀。4)在口语中,有时主语、谓语都省略,有时只用在口语中,有时主语、谓语都省略,有时只用一个词或短语,有时省略副词和形容词。一个词或短语,有时省略副词和形容词。如:Whataheavybag!口袋真重!Hownice!多好啊!Cool!真酷!Howtheywork!他们真能干!感叹句练习v_deliciousthedishis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatav_strangeclothesheiswearing!vA.WhataB.WhatC.Howav_interestingsubjectitis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatanv_foggyitwasyesterday!vA.WhatB.WhataC.Howv_carelessboyyouare!vA.HowB.WhataC.WhatBBCCB结束结束