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1、- 1 - 语法专题六数词和主谓一致一 数词考点解析 一. 数词包括基数词 , 序数词 , 分数词和倍数词 . 1. 基数词表示数目的词是基数词 , 最基本的数词如下 :1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 4
2、0 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred, 1000 a thousand, 1000000 a million, 1000000000 a billion 基数词 12 是独立单词 , 需逐个记忆 . 基数词 1319是个位数词的词干后加 -teen构成. 其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的变化不规则 . 基数词 2090(整十的 ) 是在十位数词后面加 -ty 构成。 基数词 2199是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成, 中间加上连字符“ -“ . 如:
3、21 twenty-one, 95 ninety-five 三位以上的基数词, 在百位和十位之间, 一般要用连词and. 如132 one hundred and thirty-two, 1340 one thousand three hundred and forty 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页- 2 - 表示 “ 万” 的词英语中没有 . 如 1 万可用 10 千来表示 , 即 ten thousand. 30 万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示.2. 序数词表示数目顺序的词是
4、序数词.序数词 119除第一 ,第二, 第三, 第五, 第八, 第九, 第十二变化不规则外, 其余均在基数词后加上 -th. 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是, 将十位整数基数词的词尾-y 变成 i 再加-eth. 几十几的序数词 , 只是把个位变成序数词 , 十位数不变 . 3. 分数词分数由基数词和序数词合成, 分子用基数词 , 分母用序数词, 分子大于 1 时, 分母的序数词要用复数形式. 1/3 one-third; 3/7 three-sevenths4. 倍数词倍数词表示倍数关系, 如 double(两倍 ), half(一半 ), three times(三倍)等.二.数词的用法1.
5、 做主语 Thirty of them are Party members. 他们之中的 30 人是党员 .2. 做宾语 Please pass me the second.请递给我第二个 .3. 做定语 The nine boys are from Tianjin. 这九个男孩子是天津人 .The ninth boy is from Tianjin.第九个男孩子是天津人 . 4. 做表语 Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页- 3 - 5. 做同位语 (只限基数
6、词 ) We four will go with you. 我们四个人将和你一起去.6. 做状语When did you first meet him?你什么时候和他第一次见面? 数词的句法功能成分例句主语Four-ninths of the students in our class are boys.我们班九分之四的同学是男同学宾语I don t like the third. 我不喜欢第三个定语Sunday is the first day of a week. 星期天是一周的第一天表语My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁同位语They two will g
7、o to the cinema tonight. 他们两个今天晚上要去看电影状语He came out second in the contest. 他在比赛中得了第二名高考例如 【例 1】2005 安徽高考John is the tallest boy in the class, _according to himself. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页- 4 - A. five foot eight as tall as B.as tall as five foot eight C.as five foo
8、t eight tall as D.as tall five foot eight as 提示:as tall as意为 “高达” , 后面接表示具体高度的词. 例 2】2005 湖北高考What a table! I ve never seen such a thing before. It is _it is long.A. half not as wide as B.wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D.as wide as not half 提示: 形容词同级比较结构中, 倍数及否认词都应放在“asas”之前, 而且否认词应该放在倍数
9、的前面. 【例 3】2004 全国高考 III It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 提示:同级比较“asas”前加倍数时 ,倍数一般放在第一个as 之前. 【例 4】_people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many million
10、s C. Several millions D. Many million 提示 : million前有具体数字或several等词时 , 要用单数形式. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页- 5 - many一般不与 million等词连用 , 表示”数百万”用millions of. 【例 5】_of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths;
11、 is D. Two fifths; are提示:五分之二是 two fifths,句子的主语是不可数名词land, 谓语动词要用单数形式 . 注意: 例 1-3 事实上都是结合数词考查同级比较结构asas 的用法 .英语中表示比较的形式常见的有如下几种: 倍数或分数 +形容词比较级+than ；倍数或分数 +as+adj. +as; 倍数或分数 +the+ 名词+of; 表示同级比较用asas, 否认用not as/so as; the same+ 名词+as; the+ 比较级 +of the(两者), 表示两者中比较的一个;less+adj. +than比更不 (=not as+adj.
12、 +as); the+比较级 +, the+ 比较级+越就越dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million billion前的数目确定或是被 several修饰时 , 不管后面有无 of 均不加-s. 分数的分子用基数词 , 分母用序数词表示 . 如果分子大与1, 序数词后加-s 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页- 6 - 触类旁通 1. With too many trees cut down, _of the farmland in that district _become
13、 desert in the past 50 years A. two seventh; has B. two seventh; have C. two sevenths; has D. two sevenths; have 2. According to the new investigation, unemployment was at about 6.2%, half that in France, _in Germany. A. a third fewer than B. less third than C. third fewer than D. a third less than
14、3. It is not rare in _that people in _fifties were going to university for further education. A. 90s; the B. the 90s;/ C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 4. The building about_belongs to our company and it is the second tallest building in our city so far. A. 150-meter-high B. 150-metress high C. 150 m
15、eter high D. 150 meters high 5. Shortly after the accident, two _soldiers were sent _the spot to keep order. A. dozen; to B. dozens; up C. dozens of; for D. dozen; out 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页- 7 - 6. Can you imagine that _students in our school are using cell phones
16、 every day? A. several hundred B. many hundreds C. several hundreds D. many hundred 7. After the new equipment was introduced, our factory turned out _in 2004 as the year before. A. as three times many cars B. three times as many cars C. as many cars as three times D. three times more cars than 8. T
17、hey have been in the reading room since _. A. a long time B. in had been open C. eight o clock D two hours9. I ll never give up not even on _try. A. the 1000 or 10 000 B. the 1000 and 10 000 C. the 1000th or 10 000thD. the 1000th and 10 000th 10. Do you know when _broke out? A. Second World War B. t
18、he Second World War C. World War Second D. the World War Two 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页- 8 - 二 主谓一致考点解析 1. 由 and 连接两个名词或代词做主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果and 所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. ( 指不同的人 ) 李明和张华是好学生。Both the teachers
19、and the students are here. ( 指不同的人 ) 老师和学生都在这里。The writer and poet lives in the village. ( 指同一个人 ) 这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里。Husband and wife forms a family. 夫妻组成家庭。注意 : 1).由 every, each, many a, no . 等词修饰的名词作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。例如 : Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都受到了邀请。No boy and girl is there now. 现在
20、那里没有一个男孩和女孩。Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页- 9 - In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。2).当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了
21、表。Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。2. 由 or, not only. but also., either.or, neither.nor.连接主语时 ,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如：Either you or I am mad. 要么是你要么是我疯了。Neither you nor he is right. 你和它都不对。Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 不仅老师，而且他的家人都对我很友好。3. 当主语后跟有with, along wit
22、h, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词时 ,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如：All but one were here just now. 除了一个，刚刚其他所有的人都在这里。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页- 10 - 有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供应了国家。She as we
23、ll as the other teachers is going to another park. 她和其他老师都要去另一个公园。A farmer together with some workers is about to help us. 一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。4. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如 : physics, maths, economics (经济学 ), politics, news, means, works( 工厂), 做主语时用单数形式。例如：Physics is very important. 物理是很重要的。Every means has
24、been tried. 每一种方法都已经试过了。This works was built in 1982. 这家工厂是1982 年建的。5. 表示双部分工具的名称,衣服名称等作主语时, 谓语用复数形式 , 如: trousers, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes. 如果这些词由 pair, piece, kind + of 修饰 ,则用单数形式 .例如：My trousers are white and his clothes are black. 我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。A pair of shoes is lying here. 一双鞋放在那里。T
25、hese kinds of glasses are popular. (kinds 为复数时，谓语动词用复数 ) 这几种玻璃很流行。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页- 11 - 6. 单个动名词 , 不定式 , 从句做主语时 ,谓语动词一般要用单数。 例如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。Reading is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。When he will come is not known. 他会什么时候来还不知道。7
26、. 集体名词 , 如: people, police, cattle, youth 做主语时 ,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The police like to help people. 警察乐于助人。The youth of our country are happier than the other people. 我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福。8. 集体名词 , 如: family, crowd, class等, 如把它们当作整体看,谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作假设干个体来看,用复数。例如： Our family is very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。My family
27、are all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。9. 表示距离 , 时间 , 长度 ,价值 , 金额 , 重量等的词 ,用复数形式时 ,谓语动词用单数；如果要表示具体的多少，强调复数的意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Two thousands dollars is a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页- 12 - Two hours is enough. 两个小时就足够了。The fifty miles were covered by the win
28、ner in three hours. 获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里。10. more than one+名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数; more than two, three .+ 名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：More than one boy has been there. 不止一个孩子去过那里。More than two boys have been there. 不止两个孩子去过那里。11. 英语中，“the + 形容词”可以相当于名词使用。这个结构指人时谓语动词用复数, 指物时谓语动词用单数。例如：The rich are for the decision but th
29、e poor are against it. ( 同意 .反对 ) 有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它。The green is hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。12. 关系代词 who, that, which等在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。例如：I, who am only a common worker, will retire in two years. 只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。高考例如 考例 1 Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still
30、 not clear. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 15 页- 13 - A. is used B. are used C. has used D. have used 解析 根据第二个句子的时态可以判断出第一句应该用一般现在时。拓展 考查人称、时态等用法是考试中出现的最多的题目，因此， 根据上下文来判断人称、时态就显得非常重要。再如：When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there . He _ her before. A. never saw B.
31、 had never seen C. never seen D. has never seen 选择过去完成时就是因为第一句的动作是过去的，而空格的动作在第一句的动作之前发生。所以要尤其注意上下文的提示。考例 2 The population of China _ over 1.4 billion and eight percent of the population _ peasants. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 解析 population 做主语时，指整体人口谓语动词用单数形式，如果其前面有分数或者百分数词，谓语动词用复数。触
32、类旁通 1. Those who _ in _ compositions, please hand them in this afternoon. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 15 页- 14 - A. hasnt handed; his B. havent handed; theirC. has handed,their D. have handed; his 2. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _ by their teacher. A. a
33、re praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising 3. I, who _ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study. A. be B. am C. is D. are 4. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hang B. hangs C. hanged D. hanging 5. John has two brothers, but either _ out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D.
34、have 6. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 7. About 40 _ of the population of that country _ on farms. A. percent; lives B. percent; live 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
35、 - - -第 14 页，共 15 页- 15 - C. percents; live D. percents; lives 8. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years. A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five 9. _ a good enough price for this book. A.Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuan is D. Two yuan is 10. Every means _ prevent the water from _. A. are used to; polluting B. get used to; pollution C. is used to; polluted D. is used to; being polluted 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 15 页
