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1、议论文写作根本框架与战略Walter WangSchool of BusinessIntroduction BodyConclusion Introduction BodyConclusion About 30 words (3-5 sentences )General statement about topicWriters positionWhat the writer is going to sayIntroduction BodyConclusion About 90 words (10 sentences)First point in first paragraphSecond po
2、int in the paragraphThird point in the paragraphIntroduction BodyConclusion CONCLUSIONAbout 30 words ( 2 3 sentences) SummaryConclusionRecommendation 首段根本写作战略 t议论文的首段必需包括两个要素，一是背景引见，二是写作意图，但这两点都不应有任何拓展，否那么就会把该当在主体段落出现的内容在首段都讲完，这样势必呵斥在主体段落无话可说，成了一篇头重脚轻的畸形文章。 首段从以下三个方面进展： 1. 背景信息(setting / background
3、information)，现实上就是把标题所提供的背景用本人的话再描画一遍(a restatement of the question)。2. 阐明写作意图(statement of purpose)，为下文做铺垫，争取用一句话把观念说清楚。写作意图该当是首段的最后一句话。3. 对主要观念进展总结概括(summary of main points) t例如：不同义务的员工所获得的休假天数不同，他能否以为无论何种义务的员工都应该享 有同样长时间的休假日？tAs a proverb goes: “All men are created equal. This notion has been use
4、d by many people to insist on absolute equality among all people. By this token, some people believe that all staff shall have equal amount of holidays. Unfortunately, this may not be necessarily correct.主体段根本写作战略t主体段中要详细论述首提出的观念。按照首段的写作战略，文章的重心应是首段的最后一句话，而主体段中每段的主题句应放在第一句。t主体段的分段视情况而定，写两段或三段比较理想。t其
5、构造是:tThesis statementtTopic of the first paragraph t Supporting ideas tTopic of the second paragraph t Supporting ideas .tTopic of the third paragraph t Supporting ideas 例如：In is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. I
6、n my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. Firstly, science and technology have cleared up many matters that were mysterious to us in the past. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not ca
7、use be gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. As a result, a large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their passing.Secondly, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions. Nowadays electric lights have rep
8、laced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. Even more important is the fact that airplanes can help us to travel faster than the traditional horse driven wagons.留意：在同一个段落中不能出现平级概念。例如：在谈到电视的优点时有几个分观念，主体段落的第一段是讲电视可以协助我们了解世界，但是在第二段却同时谈到两个分观念，
9、A电视可以帮我们了解大自然，B电视可以使我们放松，那么B分观念不应该出如今第二自然段。文章要有层次感，衔接手段非常重要。 结尾段根本写作战略t结尾段在不同的题型中写法不一，但最好不要只写一句话。tUseful phrasest After considering the facts t As I have argued above Therefore I believe that t To sum up t In a wordt To make a long story short t例如：t Therefore, for the above reasons, I welcome the de
10、velopment of science and technology. Advances in science and technology have brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the goods parts.议论文分类讲解 1.Problem + Reason + Recommendations2. (问题理由建议问题理由建议)Sample There is too much tr
11、affic congestion on the road and street. Give possible reasons and your recommendations to solve the problem.You should write at least 150 words. Why There Is so Much Traffic Congestion in Big CitiesFor the past ten years traffic jams in big cities have been more and more serious. There are many cau
12、ses for traffic jams, but in general, they come down to three major ones.For one thing, with the rapid development of motor industry, too many transportation tools are brought into use, especially automobiles that are responsible for a remarkable number of traffic jams. For another, the traffic syst
13、ems in big cities were mainly established in the 1940s. The roads are too narrow to bear such heavy traffic. Perhaps the prime reason is that the thick population has become even thicker with the coming of rural laborers into the big cities so that roads and streets are full of pedestrians. From the
14、 foregoing, traffic congestion is problem that needs immediate attention. The government should take some measures to solve it. The sooner, the better.议论文分类讲解 2. Your Opinion / Your View on (他的观念他的观念)Sample Peoples view on money varies from person to person. Some think that money can make a mare go
15、but others think that money is the root of all evil. What is you opinion on that. You should write at least 150 words. Peoples views on money vary from person to person. Some people think that money is everything. They hold this opinion because they can use money to buy many things such as TVs, DVDs
16、, air conditions, and computers. However, others hold that money is important but not so important as to mean everything. In their opinion, not everything can be bought with money. As to me, I am in favor of the second idea. The following are the reasons for my personal inclination. First, while it
17、is true that money can be used to buy a lot of things, it doesnt mean that it can be used to buy everything such as time. If time goes by, can we catch it back? Second, besides time, is there anything that cannot be bought with money? Yes. Thats feelings. Feelings cannot be bought with money. Admitt
18、edly, an old ugly millionaire can marry a young pretty woman, but this is not to say that he has won her heart as well as her body.The list of examples is endless. In a word, money is something but not everything.议论文分类讲解 3. Advantages and Disadvantages (优点和缺陷优点和缺陷)SampleYou should spend about 30 min
19、utes on this task. Every coin has two sides so does television. Whats your opinion? You should write at least 150 words. Advantages and Disadvantages of TelevisionNowadays, television plays an important role in our daily life. Like everything else, Television has both advantages and disadvantages. G
20、enerally, the positive aspects can be listed as follows. First, in our spare time, most of us tend to watch TV to kill the time. Besides, TV can connect us with the outer world that we are unfamiliar with. Most important of all, we can get various kinds of information and knowledge that we cannot le
21、arn from books, teachers or other channels or people. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects of TV are also obvious. To begin with, it is harmful for our eyes to watch TV too long. To make matters worse, on some occasions, the content of TV programs may be unhealthy for children to watch
22、. Worst of all, many children may waste most of their time watching TV and ignore their homework and study. Now the conclusion is self-evident. The favorable aspects outweigh the unfavorable ones. Therefore, how to deal with TV has become a problem that we should solve. I think, if we can make use o
23、f TV rather than let TV control us, we can enjoy every minute of TV programs without wasting our time when we should do something more important.议论文分类讲解 4. Agree or disagree (赞同与否赞同与否)SampleYou should spend about 30 minutes on this task. It is often said that the subjects taught in schools are too a
24、cademic in orientation and that it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters such as home management, work and interpersonal skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree.You should write at least 150 words. A criticism often heard these days is that the subjects taught in
25、 schools tend to be too academic, and contribute little to preparing a young person for the real life tasks he or she will have to perform after graduation. They say that academic subjects are rooted in the past, and are not useful for solving modern problems. I disagree with this point of view for
26、three reasons. My first reason is that it is the duty of parents, not teachers, to prepare their children to deal with the practical affairs of life. The home, not the classroom, is the ideal place to learn about home management and interpersonal skills. As for work abilities and attitudes, they are
27、 best learned on the job and under the supervision of an experienced older worker. My second reason is that academic subjects have withstood the test of time. They represent the accumulated wisdom of our ancestors down through the ages, and, far from being impractical, they equip us with the knowled
28、ge and confidence to make sound judgments about any problems which may crop up. In addition, academic subjects are good for training us in mental discipline, while practical subjects are weak in this regard. My third reason is based on the saying Man does not live by bread alone. Schooldays devoted
29、solely to instruction in down-to-earth practical matters would be dull indeed! Lessons in the best literature of the world and the epoch-making scientific and geographical discoveries of the past enrich our lives and make us feel that we are part of the great family of mankind. All in all, the teach
30、ing of academic subjects in schools is entirely appropriate. It is my firmly held view that practical subjects have no place in the classroom. On the contrary, the curriculum should be more academic!议论文分类讲解 5. How to (如何如何)SampleHeavy traffic makes a city difficult to develop but how hot solve the p
31、roblem is a headache for many people.How do you think. How do you think the heavy traffic problem should be solved.You should write at least 150 words. How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic With the booming of the motor industry, there are an increasing number of vehicles on the roads. As a resu
32、lt, traffic jams often occur. Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, reads should be broadened to lower the degree of congestion and to speed up the flow of heavy traffic Another way to solve the problem of heavy traffic
33、is to open up more bus routes to reduce bicycles and automobiles. Finally, more underground passages should be developed so that people can commute by metro. These are not the best and the only three ways we can take. But it should be noted that if the government takes some actions to alleviate the traffic problem, all of us can enjoy free traffic.
