《英语专升本易混词汇辨析总结》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语专升本易混词汇辨析总结(19页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1. clothes, cloth, clothing1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数;cloth 指布,为不可数名词;clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accident2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件;accident 指不幸的事故,例:He was killed in the accident.3. amount, number3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词;number
2、 后接可数名词,例:a number of students4. family, house, home4. family, house, homehome 家,包括住处和家人;house 房子,住宅;family 家庭成员,例:My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noise5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音;voice 人的嗓音;noise 噪音,例:I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawing6. photo, picture, dr
3、awingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片;picture 可指相片,图片,电影片, 例:Lets go and see a good picture.drawing 画的画。7. vocabulary, word7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,例:He has a large vocabulary.word 具体的单词。8. population, people8. population, peoplepopulation 人口,人数,例:China has a large population.people 具体的人。9. weather
4、, climate9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况;climate 长期的气候状况,例:The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, way10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路,马路,例:take this roadstreet 街道,例:in the streetpath 小路,小径;way 道路,途径,例:Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subject11. course, subje
5、ctcourse 课程(可包括多门科目),例:a summer coursesubject 科目(具体的学科)12. custom, habit12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do;habit 生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. 例:Ive got the habitof drinkinga lot.13. cause, reason13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth;reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing
6、sth. 例:the reasonfor being late14. exercise, exercises, practice14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动,锻炼(不可数);exercises 练习(可数);practice(反复做的)练习,例:Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson15. class, lesson作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson,例:Lesson 6,第 6 课;指班级或全体学生用class,例:Class 5,5 班。16. speech, talk,
7、lecture16. speech, talk, lecturespeech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说;talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话;lecture 学术性的演讲,讲课,例:a series of lecture on17. officer, official17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官,例:an army officerofficial 政府官员。18. work, job18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可数;job 可数,例:a good job19. couple, pair19. couple, pa
8、ircouple 主要指人或动物;pair 多指由两部分组成的东西,例:a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, land20. country, nation, state, landcountry 侧重指版图,疆域;nation 指人民,国民,民族;state 侧重指政府,政体;land 国土,国家,例:The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cooker21. cook, cookercook 厨师,例:He is a good cook.cooker 厨具。22. damage, d
9、amages22. damage, damagesdamage 不可数名词,损害,损失;damages 复数形式,赔偿金,例:$900 damages23. police, policeman23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,例:The police are questioning everyonein the house.policeman 指某个具体的警察。24. problem, question24. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise;qu
10、estion 常和疑问连系,多和 ask, answer 连用。25. man, a man25. man, a manman 人类;a man 一个男人,例:Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡,chicken 还可以当鸡肉;例:The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时,telegram 指具体的;例:a telegramtelegraph 指抽象的;例:by telegraph28.
11、 trip, journey, travel, voyage28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的;trip 指短期的旅途;例:a three-day tripjourney 指稍长的旅途;voyage 指海上航行。29. sport, game29. sport, gamesport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;例: His favoritesport is swimming.game 指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则。30. price, prize30. price, prizeprice 价格;例:The p
12、rice is high/low.prize 奖,奖品,奖金;例:win the first prize31. a number of, the number of31. a number of, the number ofa number of 许多,谓语动词用复数;the number of 的数目,谓语动词用单数。例:The number of students isincreasing.32. in front of, in the front of32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面;in the front of 范围
13、内的前面 例:In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a day33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一天的,当时的,当代的,例:a famous scientist of the day;of a day 暂时的,不长久的。34. three of us, the three of us34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们(不止三个)中的三个;the three of us 我们三个(就三个人)例:The three of us -
14、Tom, Jack and I wentto the cinema.35. by bus, on the bus35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段,方式,不用冠词,例:They went there by bus.on the bus 表范围。36. for a moment, for the moment36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻,一会儿,例:Thinking for a moment, he agreed.for the moment 暂时,一时。37. next year, the next
15、 year37. next year, the next yearnext year 将来时间状语;the next year 过去将来时间状语,例:He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one year38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多;more than one year 超过一年(两年或三年等)。39. take advice, take the(ones) advice39. take advi
16、ce, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见;take the advice 接受忠告 例:He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the air40. take air, take the airtake air 传播,走漏;take the air 到户外去,散步 例:We take the air every day.41. in a word, in words41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之,一句话,例:In a wo
17、rd, you are right.in words 口头上。42. in place of, in the place of42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替;in the place of 在地方,例:A new building is built in the place of the oldone.43. in secret, in the secret43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;in the secret 知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语,例
18、: My mother was in the secretfrom the beginning.44. a girl, one girl44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩;one girl 一个女孩,例:Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chair45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下;take the chair 开始开会。46. go to sea, by sea46. go to sea
19、, by seago to sea 当海员,出航;by sea 乘船,由海路;by the sea 在海边。47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人,既是医生又是老师;the doctor and the teacher 两个人,一个医生和一个老师。48. in office, in the office48. in office, in the officein o
20、ffice 在职的,例:He is in office, not out of office.in the office 在办公室里。49. in bed, on the bed49. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上,例:He is ill in bed.on the bed 在床上,例:The book is on the bed.50. in charge of, in the charge of50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理,负责照料,例:He is in charge of the matt
21、er.in the charge of 由照料,例:The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the class51. in class, in the classin class 在课上;in the class 在班级里,例:He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fire52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火,例:The house is on fire.on the fire 在火上,例:Put the food on th
22、e fire.53. out of question, out of the question53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的;out of the question 不可能的。54. a second, the second54. a second, the seconda second 又一,再一;the second 第,例:He won the second prize.55. by day, by the day55. by day, by the dayby day 白天;by the day
23、 按天计算,例:The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a people56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人;a people 指民族,例:The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, one57. it, oneit 同一物体;one 同类不同一,例:I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, this58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的;例:I was ill. Thats whyt
24、his 导出下文所要说的。59. none, nothing, no one59. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少;nothing, no one 强调有没有;nothing 指物,no one 指人。60. anyone, any one60. anyone, any oneanyone 指人,不能接 of;any one 指人物均可,可接 of 例:any one of you61. who, what61. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系;what 指职业或地位,例:What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. wha
25、t, which62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的;which 在一定范围内进行选择,例:Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, another63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数,例:other studentsanother 后接名词单数,例:another student64. not a little, not a bit64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常;not a bit 一点也不,例:Im not a bit tired.
26、 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot of65. many, much, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用,例:I havent many books.much 和不可数名词连用;a lot of 可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句。66. much more66. much morethan, many morethan, many morethanthanmuch morethan 后接形容词或不可数名词, 例: much more water, much more beautifulmany morethan 后接可数名词,例:many more peopl
27、e67. no, not67. no, notno=not a/any例:no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water68. no more than, not more than68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于 only,仅仅,只有;not more than 至多,不超过。69. majority, most69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词,例:the majority of peoplemost 可数不可数均可。70. by ones
28、elf, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的,独自的;for oneself 为自己;to oneself 供自己用的;of oneself 自行的,自动的,例:The door opened of itself.71. at all, after all71. at all, after allat all 根本,全然;after all 到底,毕竟,例:After all he is a child.72. tall, hig
29、h72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物,例:He is tall.high 常指物体。73. fast, quickly73. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,例:run fastquickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快,例:answer the question quickly74. high, highly74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高;highly 抽象的高,高度的,例:think highly of75. healthy, healthful75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的,健
30、壮的;healthful 有益于健康的,例:healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep,sleepy76. sleeping, asleep,sleepysleeping 正在睡觉,例:a sleeping babyasleep 睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,例:The baby is asleep.sleepy 困的,有睡意的,例:Im sleepy.77. gold, golden77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品,例:a gold ringgolden 指金色的,但金鱼用gold fish78. most, mostly78. most, m
31、ostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,例:most peoplemostly 大部分,是副词,例:the people are mostly79. just, very79. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词,作状语,例:just the manvery 表强调时是形容词,用作定语,例:the very man80. wide, broad80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离;broad 侧重于幅面的宽广,例:broad shoulders81. real, true81. real, truere
32、al 真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,例:real goldtrue 真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合,例:a true story82. respectful, respectable82. respectful, respectablerespectful 尊敬,有礼貌,例:be respectful to the agedrespectable 可敬的,值得尊敬的。83. outwards, outward83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面;outward 还可用作形容词,例:an outward voyage84. pleas
33、ant, pleased, pleasing84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语;pleased, pleasing 常用作表语;pleased 主语常为人,pleasing 主语常为物,例:a pleasant trip; The trip ispleasing.85. understanding, understandable85. understanding, understandableunderstanding 明白事理的,能体谅的,例:an understanding girlunderstandable 可理解的,能够懂的,例
34、:an understandable mistake86. close, closely86. close, closelyclose 接近,靠近,例:stand closeclosely 紧紧地,紧密地,例:closely connected87. ill, sick87. ill, sickill 做表语;sick 定语、表语均可,例:a sick boy88. good, well88. good, wellgood 形容词;well 副词,但指身体状况是形容词,例:He is well again.89. quiet, silent, still89. quiet, silent, s
35、tillquiet 安静的,可以发出小的声音;silent 不发出声音,但可以动;still 完全不动,完全无声响,例:He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。90. hard, hardly90. hard, hardlyhard 努力,例:work hardhardly 几乎不,例:I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable91. able, capableable 与不定式 to do 连用;capable 与 of 连用,例:He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly92.
36、 almost, nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”,和否定词连用用almost,例:almost nobody。93. late, lately93. late, latelylate 迟,晚;lately 最近,近来 例:I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, lively94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live 均为活着的;living 定表均可,alive 定表均可,定语后置;live 只能做定语,lively 意为活泼的,例:all the living peop
37、le=all the peoplealive95. excited, exciting95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的,例:Im excited.exciting 令人兴奋的,例:The news is exciting.96. deep, deeply96. deep, deeplydeep 具体的深,例:dig deepdeeply 抽象的深,深深地,例:deeply moved97. aloud, loud97. aloud, loudaloud 出声地,例:read aloud 出声地读loud 大声地98. worth, worthy98. wor
38、th, worthy二者均为值得,worth 后接 doing;worthy 后接 to be done, of being done;例:It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of beingvisited.99. bad, badly99. bad, badlybad 形容词,例:go badbadly 副词,不好,但与 need, want, require连用为“很,非常”,例:I need thebook badly.100. before long, long before100. before
39、 long, long beforebefore long 不久以后;long before 很久以前;例:not long before = before long101. quite, rather101. quite, ratherquite 完全地,相当于 completely,例:quite impossiblerather 修饰比较级102. happy, glad102. happy, gladhappy 高兴,幸福,定表均可,例:a happy girlglad 高兴,只能做表语103. instead, instead of103. instead, instead ofin
40、stead 是副词,放在句首或句末,例:He didnt see a film. Instead he watchedTV.instead of 是介词短语,放在句中,例:He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much too104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词;much too 后接形容词,例:much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to do105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe
41、about to 表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语;be going to 侧重打算,想法;be to do 侧重意志,计划,安排 例:Im to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)106. raise, rise106. raise, riseraise 及物动词;rise 不及物动词,例:The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetch107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring 拿来;take 带走;carry 随身携带;fetch 去回这一往返动作,例:fetch a box of chal
42、k108. spend, take, pay, cost108. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主语,花钱,花时间,spendon sth./in doing sth;take 物做主语,花时间;pay 人做主语,花钱,pay for;cost 物做主语,花钱。109. join, join in, take part in109. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员,例:He joined the army five years ago.join in 参加小型的活动,join sb. in;take
43、part in 参加大型的活动。110. learn, study110. learn, studylearn 学习,侧重学习的结果;study 学习,侧重学习的过程,研究,例:study the problem111. want, hope, wish111. want, hope, wishwant 打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do;hope 希望(通常可以实现),hope to do/ hope thatwish 希望(通常不能实现),wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n.,例:I wish yousuccess.112.
44、discover, invent, find out112. discover, invent, find outdiscover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西;invent 发明本来不存在的物体;find out 发现,查明,例:At last he found out the truth.113. answer, reply113. answer, replyanswer 及物动词;reply 不及物动词,例:to reply to the letter114. leave, leave for114. leave, leave forleave 离开;leave for 前往,例:He
45、 left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, steal115. rob, stealrob 抢劫,rob sb. of sth.,steal 偷,steal sth. from sb.116. shoot, shoot at116. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死,例:He shot the bird and it died.shoot at 瞄准,但不一定射中。117. drop, fall117. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可,例:He dropped his voice.fall 不及物动词,例:Prices fell/dro
46、pped.118. search, search for118. search, search forsearch 后接地点,例:He searched his pocket for money.search for 后接东西119. used to, be used to119. used to, be used toused to 过去常常;be used to 习惯于,后接 sth./doing sth.;被用来,后接 do sth. 例:He is usedto getting up early.120. win, beat120. win, beatwin 后接 sth. 反义词为
47、lose,例:win the gamebeat 后接 sb.,例:beat them121. live on, live by121. live on, live bylive on 以为主食,例:live on fishlive by 靠谋生,例:live by fishing122. beat, hit, strike122. beat, hit, strikebeat 连续性地击打,例:beat the wingshit 打中,对准打;strike 打一下或若干下。123. meet, meet with123. meet, meet withmeet 遇到;meet with 体验到,
48、遭遇到,例:meet with an accident124. lose, miss124. lose, misslose 失去(具体的物体),错过,例:sth. is lost, lose the chance;miss 想念,错过,例:sth. is missing, miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired with/from125. be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of 厌烦be tired with/from 因为而累了,例:be tired with/from running 800 mete
49、rs126. care about, care for126. care about, care forcare about 关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中。例: He doesnt care about hisclothes.care for 关心,照料,喜欢,愿意。例:I dont care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a cold127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用;have a cold 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,例:She has had a cold f
50、or a week.128. change for, change into128. change for, change intochange for 调换成,例:the shirt for a bigger one.change into 变成为. 例:Water changes into ice.129. continue, last129. continue, last二者均为持续,continue 主动、被动均可。例:The story is to be continued.last 只能用主动,例:The war lasted/continued five years.130. f
51、eed, raise130. feed, raisefeed 喂养,养活,饲养;raise 饲养,养育(孩子),例:raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生;go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight of132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice 注意到;observe 观察,仔细地看,例:observe the st
52、arscatch sight of 突然看到133. insist on, stick to133. insist on, stick toinsist on 坚持要求,后常接 doing;stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth. 例:stick to the plan134. look, seem, appear134. look, seem, appearlook 指从外表上看,例:look like his fatherseem 指内心的判断;appear 指给人以表面的印象,例:appear wise135. gather, collect135. gather, collectga
53、ther 把分散的东西集中到一起;collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集,例:collect stamps136. mean to do, mean doing136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do 打算,想要做某事;mean doing 意思是,意味着。例: By this I mean giving the students more practice.137. die from, die of137. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等;die of 表示死于疾病,饥饿,寒冷,年老,忧愁,
54、失恋等精神因素。例:die of hungerand cold138. pay for, pay back, pay off138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for 为付钱,例:pay for the book;pay back 还钱,但不一定还清;pay off 还清,例:pay off the debt139. divide, separate139. divide, separatedivide 把一个整体分成几部分,例:divide the apple;separate 把连在一起的个体分开,例:separate the houses140. arrive, get, reach140. arrive, get, reacharrive 不及物动词,后接 in(大地点),at(小地点)。例:arrive in Beijingget 不及物动词后接to,例:get to Beijingreach 及物动词,例:reach Beijing