2022年动词的语态知识点.

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1、1 动词的语态 (Voice) 知识点语态概述主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。Everybody likes Mr.Smith. 大家都喜欢史密斯先生。(主动) Mr.Smith is liked by everybody. 史密斯先生受到大家的喜欢。( 被动) 注意，在动词时态中被动语态的时态是与主动语态中的时态一致的：be done 例如: to keep 时态 / 动词 主动语态被动语态一般现在时 keeps is kept 现在进行时 is keeping is being kept 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

2、 - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页2 一般过去时 kept was kept 过去进行时 was keeping was being kept 现在完成时 have kept have been kept 过去完成时 had kept had been kept 一般将来时 will keep will be kept 虚拟语气 would keep would be kept 虚拟语气的过去时 would have kept would have been kept 不定式 to keep to be kept 完成不定式 to have kept to have been k

3、ept 动名词 keeping being kept 完成式分词 having kept having been kept 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页3 例句: 主动: I keep the butter in the fridge. 被动: The butter is kept in the fridge(by me). 主动: They stole the painting. 被动: The painting was stolen. 主动: They are repairing the road. 被动

4、: The road is being repaired. 主动: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. 被动: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 主动: A dog bit him. 被动: He was bitten by a dog. 注意： 1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to 。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3

5、 页，共 22 页4 室。- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。- He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情态动词 + be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。1. 被动语态的用法英

6、文中的被动语态由动词to be的相应时态 + 动词的过去分词构成: 主语 to be 过去分词The house was built . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页5 例如: to clean 主语 to be 过去分词一般现在时 : The house is cleaned every day. 一般进行时 : The house is being cleaned at the moment. 一般过去时 : The house was cleaned yesterday. 过去进行时 : 精选学习资料

7、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页6 The house was being cleaned last week. 现在完成时 : The house has been cleaned since you left. 过去完成时 : The house had been cleaned before their arrival. 一般将来时 : The house will be cleaned next week. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22

8、页7 将来进行时 : The house will be being cleaned tomorrow. 虚拟语气 : The house would be cleaned if they had visitors. 虚拟语气的过去时 : The house would have been cleaned if it had been dirty. 注意: to be born 通常用过去时态表示被动: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页8 I was born in 1976. When were you bor

9、n? BUT: Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week. 不定式形式 : to be的相应时态 + 过去分词 : (to) be cleaned 这种形式通常用于情态动词后面，别的动词通常跟着不定式, 例如You have to be tested on your English grammar John might be promoted next year. She wants to be invited to the party. 动名词形式 : being + 过去分词 : being cleaned 例如: a.

10、Most film stars hate being interviewed. b. I remember being taught to drive. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页9 c. The children are excited about being taken to the zoo. 注意: 有的时候被动语态用“ get”而不是“ to be ”: a. He got arrested for dangerous driving. b. Theyre getting married later

11、 this year. c. Im not sure how the window got broken. 2. 语态的转换 -2.1 let 的用法 1 ）当 let后只有一个单音节动词， 变被动语态时， 可用不带 to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。- The strange was let go. 2）当 let 后宾补较长时， let 通常不用被动语态，而用 allow或 permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的

12、同学。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 22 页10 - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 2.2 短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。3. 不用被动语态的情况 1 ） 不及物动词或不及物

13、动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有被动语态。例如： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词； raise, seat是及物动词。精选学习资料 - -

14、- - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 22 页11 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen. （错） The accident was happened last week. （对） The accident happened last week. （错） The price has raised. （对） The price has been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是

15、及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 22 页12 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belo

16、ng to等。例如： This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。 3 ）系动词无被动语态，如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如： It sounds good. 听上去不错。 4 ） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream，live

17、/life等，以及反身代词， 相互代词，不能用于被动语态。 例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5 ） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对） She likes to swim. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 22 页13 （错） To swim is liked by her. 4. 主动形式表示被动意义 1 ）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw,

18、 write等。例如： The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租） , remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在 need, require, want, worth （形容词） , deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如： The door needs repairing.= The door needs

19、 to be repaired. 门该修了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 22 页14 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。4） 特殊结构： make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见 / 理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。5. 被动形式表示主动意义被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be gra

20、duated （from）, be prepared （for ）, be occupied （in ）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或 get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 22 页15 6.

21、 常用经典被动句型表示表示据说 或相信 的词组基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。例如：It is said that据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted tha

22、t被视为当然精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 22 页16 It has been decided that 大家决定It must be remember that 务必记住的是7. get/have something done get/have something done 的结构表示被动的意思，表示我们需要别人帮我们完成的事情：例如: a. I must get / have my hair cut. b. When are you going to get that window mended? c. Were

23、 having the house painted. 如果动词表示的是不愿发生的动作，则与被动句型表示同样的意思: d. Jim had his car stolen last night. (= Jims car was stolen) e. They had their roof blown off in the storm. (= Their roof was blown off in the storm) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 22 页17 这种结构可以用来表达一个动作的完成，尤其当含有时间表述时:

24、f. Well get the work done as soon as possible. g. Ill get those letters typed before lunchtime. 在这些句子中， 我们对事情的结果更感兴趣， 而不是做这件事情的人或物体 . something needs doing 同样，这个结构也表示被动意思.例如a. The ceiling needs painting (= the ceiling needs to be painted) b. My hair needs cutting (= my hair needs to be cut) 1) It is

25、 a painting to be appreciated, instead of_borrowed. (A) be (B) being (C) to be 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 22 页18 (D) to be being (答案： C) 解析： C接连不定式要加to, 该处为被动语态。2) Lots of the money _ in the last few years. (A) is wasted (B) are wasted (C) has been wasted (D) have been was

26、ted (答案： C) 解析: C some of，plenty of，a lot of, lots of，most of ，the rest of等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of 后的名词保持一致。再由 in the last few years可知应该用过去完成时。3) -What happened to the saleswoman? -We dont know. She_around here for a while. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 22 页19 (A) hasnt seen (B) hasn

27、t been seen (C) didnt see (D) hasnt been seeing (答案： B) 解析： B根据时态 for a while知应为现在完成时 , 又据意思 , 我们没有见她 , 她应是被看到。4) Visitors_not to touch the exhibits. (A) will request (B) request (C) are requesting (D) are requested (答案： D) 解析：选 D 参观者被告知不要触碰展品。是被动关系。所以选D. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

28、-第 19 页，共 22 页20 5) Mrs.Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she_that the cloth_very well. (A) has been told; washed (B) has told; washes (C) has been told; is washed (D) is told; is washed (答案： A) 解析 答案 A wash well 好洗，容易洗。表示某物体状态的动词是不及物动词。一些及物动词也可充当不及物动词表示某一种状态，在动词后常用 well 好，easily break易碎

29、， wear long 耐穿。6) Its politely requested by the hotel management that radios_after 11 oclock at night. (A) were not played (B) not to play (C) not be played (D) didnt play 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 22 页21 (答案： C) 解析： C the radios应是被 play 先确定被动语态 , 从前面 Its requested 可知这项要求

30、还没实行 , 所行以原空应为should not be played should可省略。7) Not enough_to stop the forests_since the 1980s. (A) has been done; be cut down (B) has done; cutting down (C) has been done; from being cut down (D) has done; from being cut down (答案： C) 解析: 答案为 C 全句的意思是： 自 80 年代以来，在制止砍伐森林方面做得还不够 ，注意： stop sth. (from)

31、happening 制止某事的发生，stop the forests (from) being cut down意为 制止森林被砍伐。 8) The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 22 页22 (A) begins (B) having begun (C) beginning (D) begun (答案： D) 选 D 这里 的开始应该用被动 once （it is ） begun nothing can be done to change it选 D是将 it is省略了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 22 页