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1、专题二阅读七选五2016年全国卷考情分析试卷类型命题角度试题特点小标题、副标题主题句或主要观点解释、引申、例证类语句方法、措施、建议过渡性语句结论性语句短文的体裁多为事理说明文，针对某个问题或现象加以说明，然后提出合理的解决方法、应对措施。文章层次分明，逻辑性强。此类题型属于综合能力考查，有一定难度。全国甲卷102110全国乙卷012020全国丙卷021110真题例释(2016全国乙卷)Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing
2、business，especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，t
3、he first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 2
4、0 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 39 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a
5、code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language，some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.EYou c
6、an hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。36D句间过
7、渡性语句。空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了”，空格后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”，由此语境可知选D项“只要有过的密码，人们就试图破解”。37E前句说有三种密码，空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知，此空选E(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息)。38G段落主题句，也是段间过渡性语句。前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二种。39F句间过渡性语句。通过对前面的进一步解释和后面的例证得出正确答案。空格前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，由a code book可锁定F项中的With a code book。F项“有
8、了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。40A分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此可锁定A项“没有密码本很难破解密码”，这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确定为答案。模式1| 设空在段首考查要点(1)小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。(2)注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。(3)段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。1小标题、副标题考题回放(2016全国甲卷) 17 Some people may think that a garden is no more
9、 than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料).18.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to g
10、arden.One of them comes from our earliest years.AKnow why you garden思路分析由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。由其后内容“有些人可能认为花园，有些人关心然而，还有很多其他原因”可知本段的主题应该是A项“知道你为什么要做园艺工作”。2主题句、主要观点考题回放(2016北京高考) 75 For the riskseekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain rela
11、ted to fear becomes active.GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.思路分析由空格后句子For the riskseekers .while for the rest of us .“对于爱冒险者而对于我们其他人”可断定本段主题为“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面临紧张局势时，我们的大脑工作方式不同”。3段落过渡语句考题回放(2016全国丙卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health.36.
12、The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.37.It just requi
13、res a little knowledge. This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.39.Do not buy it. When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better s
14、tore the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.思路分析空格内的句子承上启下，前一段的最后一句说“这篇文章是关于如何轻松地买鱼和烹饪鱼的”，下一段介绍的是买鱼时的注意事项。根据空格后的Fresh fish
15、 should smell sweet可判定选F，句意为“买鱼时，你应该先闻一闻”。A(2016武汉市调研测试)How to Pick a Great Book to ReadThe world is full of great books，just waiting to be read.How can you pick one youll really like? Here are some tips：What makes you happy? 1 Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific person? Are there a few careers youre interested in? You can find books about almost anything you like，and youre more likely to enjoy reading a book if youre already interested in its subject.Fact or fiction?Some books are entirely m
