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1、中考英语主谓一致知识讲解定义：主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一。主要考察主语和谓语在数上的一致,考查形式以单项选择为主。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致语法一致指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。1.单数可数名词或代词单数、不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;可数名词复数或代词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg.She works at a radio station.她在广播电台工作。The
2、 manager isgoing to take a dinner party tonight.那位经理今晚将要参加晚宴。 In fact, the Internet has changed the way we communicate.实际上,网络已经改变了我们的交流方式。 2.由and 或both. and.连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 eg.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Mike.布莱克夫妇有个儿子叫迈克。 Both Nancy and John are Grade 8students.南希和约翰都是八年级的学生。3
3、.用“one，every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。eg.Each one of the children is eager to go home.每个孩子都想回家。 Neither of the students is coming to the party.两个学生都没有来参加聚会。 4.不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody , something, anyone , anyt
4、hing, everyone, everybody，everything, nothing, no one 等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。eg.Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented.每个人都擅长某件事,但有些人真的很有天赋。 Everything has two sides-a good one and a bad one.任何事物都有两面性好的一面和坏的一面。No one wants to waste time talking to someone who is not honest.没有人愿意浪费
5、时间与不诚实的人交谈。5.不定式、动名词或从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。eg.Making a difference means making a good change.有所作为意味着做出好的改变。6.主语后带有伴随状语with，together with, along with,as well as 等时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。eg.The boy along with his parents goes to the science museum once a week.这个男孩和他的父母每周去一次科学博物馆。Trees as well as grass grow everyw
6、here in the village.村庄里到处都是树和草。7.“数量词most, rest, several, many,few,分数、百分数等+ of +名词作主语,谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后的名词是单数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;of后的名词是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。eg.Most of her paintings are done in watercolour.她大部分的画都是水彩画。Several of the guests have decided to walk home.几个客人已经决定步行回家。 The rest of the money was
7、 used to help poor people.剩下的钱被用来帮助穷人。8.“ a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数; the number of +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg.A number of trees were planted here last year.去年这里种植了很多树。 The number of candles is the persons age.蜡烛的数量是人的年龄。9.none 作主语指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;指代可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。eg.-Is there any water i
8、n the bottle? 瓶子里还有水吗? -No, there is none.没有,一点也没有。(none指代water) None of my friends is/are going to the party.我的朋友都不打算去参加聚会。(none 指代friends) 10.由两部分构成的名词作主语，如:glases,trousers，pants,shoes等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。注意:如果这类词被a pair of , a kind of 等词修饰时，谓语动词的数与表示计量的词保持一致。eg.My glasses werebroken.我的眼镜坏了。 The shoes
9、are too big for me.这双鞋对我来说太大了。 The pants are dirty. They need washing.裤子很脏。它们需要洗一洗。 This kind of shoes is more comfortable when you are running.当你跑步时,穿这种鞋会更舒服。 11.在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which用作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 eg.This is the girl who always plays the piano in the music room.这是经常在音乐教室弹钢琴的女生。The b
10、ook which has a beautiful cover belongs to me.封面很漂亮的这本书属于我。 12.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中,动词的数应和其后面主语的数一致。eg.Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 Such were his words.这就是他的原话。 对点微练(可私信老师领取答案）1. Linda and I _discussing how to protect our eyes. (be)2.Reading usually_ four steps and its not easy to finish. ( include )3.The tea
11、cher together with the students_ to have a school trip next week. ( plan)二、意义一致意义一致指主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而非语法上的单、复数形式。比如有时主语在形式上并非复数,但在意义上视为复数,随后的谓语动词也用复数形式,反之亦然。1.表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。eg.Three hours is not enough to finish the work.三个小时完成这项工作是不够的。 100 dollars has been raised.已经筹集到了100美元
12、。2.集体名词作主语,如果指整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 eg.The family are all early risers.她家的人都喜欢早起。(指家里具体成员)The family now lives in Paris.那家人现在住在巴黎。(指家这一整体概念) 3.表示复数意义的集体名词，如people,police,cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg.The police are looking for the lost boy.警察正在寻找这个失踪的男孩。People wear different traditional clot
13、hes all around the world.世界各地的人们穿不同的传统服饰。4.复数形式、单数意义的名词，如:news,maths,physics,politics，electronics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。eg.Physics is a little difficult for me.物理对我来说有点难。The good news is that we will have eight days off.好消息是我们将有七天的假。5.单复数同形的名词,如sheep, fish , deer , means, species, series, craft等作主语,谓语动词要根据句意
14、来确定。表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之用复数。eg.Every means has been tried to find the truth.为了找到真相,每种方法都试过了。 The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted.这里同外界的交流方式都被中断了。 6.“the+形容词/分词表示一类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示一类事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。 eg.The old need to be taken care of.老人需要被照顾。 The new is sure to rep
15、lace the old.新事物一定会代替旧事物。The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美好的事物给所有人带来快乐。 7.“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。 eg.The Greens are going to have a picnic on the weekend.格林先生一家人打算这个周末去野餐。The Johns are coming to dinner.约翰一家将要去赴宴。8.由and连接的并列成分作主语时,并列成分如果指同一个人、事物或者概念(and后无冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。注意:有些由and连接的名词,由于关系密切常被视为一个整体,因此用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg.The scientist and doctor is going to give us some advice on keeping healthy.这位科学家兼医生将会给我们一些关于保持健康的建议。(一人身兼两职)
