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1、语法：名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、表语、宾语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词:1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中
2、不担任成分，有时可省略；if/whether, as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（一）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。如：How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。注意：that引
3、导主语从句时，不能省略。如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2、为了避免主语过长，通常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。如： It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明白。注意： 用it 作形式主语的结构 It +
4、 be+形容词+that-从句It is necessary/ important/ obvious that （有必要 / 重要的是 / 很明显）It is natural that （很自然）It is strange that （奇怪的是） It is clear /certain /likely /true /surprising that It + be +-ed 分词+that-从句It is known to all that（从所周知）It is reported /said / believed / thought that （据报道/ 据说/ 人们相信/人们认为）It is
5、 suggested that(should) (有人建议）It has been decided that （已决定）It has been proved that （已证实） It +be+名词+that-从句It is common knowledge that （是常识）It is a surprise that （令人惊奇的是）It is no wonder that （难怪）It is an honor that （非常荣幸）It is a pity / a shame that It +不及物动词+that-分句It appears / seems that （似乎）It (so
6、) happens that（碰巧）It occurred to me that（我突然想起） It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. （ ）It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. （ ） It is in the mornin
7、g that the murder took place. （ ）It is John that broke the window. （ ） 主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况 (1) It is said / reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (2) It happens / occurs 结构中
8、的主语从句不可提前。如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (3) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (4) 含主语从句的复合句是
9、疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) （二）宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个或几个从句并列时，第二个及以后的that一般不省略。如：Dont you know (that) Jim quarreled with his brother? He told m
10、e (that) his brother had borrowed his bike and that he had broken it. (2) 由whether (if) , wh- 引导的宾语从句如：She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语（sb.）直接宾语（sth.）如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. The club will give whoever wins a p
11、rize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。2. 作介词的宾语 如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of where she had gone. 3. 作形容词的宾语
12、 如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 谓语动词appreciate, disli
13、ke, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：The boy likes it when hes praised before guests. 那个孩子喜欢在客人面前受表扬的时刻。I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有时非得用法语去打电话，我真感到讨厌。Id appreciate it very much if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前
14、用形式宾语it. 如：I think it very important that we focus on reading when we are learning English. Dont take it for granted that we could do well in the exam if we dont work hard.The old man made it a rule that he cast his net three times a day.5. 时态。宾语从句的时态需要和主句进行协调。如主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时；如从句表示客观真理则仍然用一般现在时。)
15、 1）He told me that he had seen the film. 2）They said they would spend their holiday in Hainan. 3）Father said he was carrying out an important project. 4）Did you know where the accident took place ?5) The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.6. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一
