《阅读：抓主题思想是阅读理解的关键.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读：抓主题思想是阅读理解的关键.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、阅读：抓主题思想是阅读理解的关键阅读：抓主题思想是阅读理解的关键在信息社会的今天，阅读是人们获得科学开展最新信息的重要途径。从学生毕业后的实际需要来看，他们要从浩如烟海的外语资料中获得有关信息，没有较强的阅读才能不行。对学生来说，要顺利完成大学英语学习，到达大纲的要求，特别是真正地学会把英语作为获取信息的工具，加强阅读训练，进步阅读才能是非常重要的。在阅读过程中，抓文章的主题思想，是对文中详细内容理解的关键。 主题思想the main idea是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容，也是作者自始至终要说明的问题。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想，表达了读者总结、概括和归纳事物的才能。可以说，找出主题思想是一
2、项非常重要的阅读技能。一、抓主题思想，我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其他信息所具有的共性。例一：directions：choose the most general sentenceathe hotel offers plimentary coffee from 7to 10amdailybthere are many reasons why guests feel at home at the glorietta bay inncthe coin-operated laundry room has an ironing boarddther
3、e are a number of extra services at the glorietta bay inn including baby-sittinga、c、d都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的效劳情况，互相间并无联络。而b却概括了a、c、d的共性的东西，即：为什么旅客住在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此，b符合题意，倘假设在一段文章中包含了以上a、b、c、d几条信息，那么，b就是该段的中心思想。出于同样的道理，假如在一篇文章中，作者分段表达几方面的内容，那么，这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。例二：directions：choose the main idea of the
4、articlefollowing are the topic sentences of an article1a mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim2one report shows that at least 100 thousand h
5、andguns are stolen from private owners each year，the vast majority during burglaries3moreover，a study of robberies in eight american cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weaponwhich of the following best reflects the main idea of the ar
6、ticle？awhat happens to the victims of crime？bis your family safe？cshould you arm yourself against crime？第一段和第三段提到了victims受害者，第二段提到了入室行窃，但是第三段说明的共同问题是人们是否应拥有自卫武器来反对犯罪行为。因此只有选项c才能概括这三段所共同说明的问题，也就是此文的中心思想。二、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容。面不能太窄，即：缺乏以概括全部内容；但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。例三：directions：read the following
7、 and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passagethere is a simple economic principle used to determine pricesit is called the law of supply and demandsupply means the amount of，or access to，certain goodsdemand represents the number of people who want those goodsif there are more go
8、ods than wanted，the price of them fallson the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price risesof course，manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased priceaeconomic principlesblaw of supply and demandcm ore goods，lower pricesdfewer goods，higher pr
9、ices该问题，a泛指经济规律，面过宽；c和d只是供需规那么的二个单独的方面，不能包含全部，面太窄。正确的答案是b，因为这正是该短文自始至终议论的主题。三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句topic sentence表达。主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出如今段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开场或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。例四：english is clearly an international languageit is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways
10、 of the worldover 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in english本段主题句为首句，其后的内容句均说明首句。例五：some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to doothers prefer to be left to work on their ownstill others like a democratic discussion type of classno one teaching method can be dev
11、ised to satisfy all students at the same time本段中心思想在结尾句得到表达，它是此段内容的结论。例六：for adults a cold is not that serioushowever，this is not the case for childrencold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention本段主题句为第二句，因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法，并在下文中进一步作
12、了说明。然而，我们也常常发现，有的主题思想并非直接由一、二个句子表述，而是在文中间接暗示着。这就需要读者根据文中细节进展概括与归纳，找出主题思想。例七：its no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our selective servicesince october of 1948，some six million young men havry dutyof these，more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for militar
13、y serviceto get two men today，the united states army must call seven menof the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problemsto get the 196thousand additional men we needed for berlin，the gover_ent had to call up 750 thousand menand the rejection rate is increas
14、ing each yearthe reason for this problem is that we are underexercised as a nationwe look，instead of playwe ride，instead of walkthe way we live prevents us from being healthy本段中找不到某一句作为主题。根据文中的内容进展归纳，可找出主题思想，即：“the militarys rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nations lack of exercise is leading to poor health”在确定一篇文章的中心思想时，我们通常用快读的方法，从头至尾将全文阅读一遍，注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连接意思上来理解全文，看看全文议论的是什么主题subject、作者是从哪几个方面aspects来进展阐述的、有关这个主题我们理解了些什么。这样，就可以比拟有把握地概括出中心思想了。第 页 共 页
