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1、语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望 怀疑，推测或后悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。句型结构：If + 主语+had been/done.,主语+should/could/might/would + have
2、done.1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were /动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/
3、would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If + 主语+were to do,主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little gir
4、l should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语 序。例句： Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business. Should I be free, I woul
5、d come . Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .注意：有时候，主，从句所描述的时间范围不一致，则根据具体语境调整动词的形式。 例句： If he had caught the train, he would be here by now. You would speak English well enough, if you had practiced every day.（四）虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的句型中：例句：The
6、ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts of the captain.The rescue arrived in time, otherwise They would have been frozen to death.2. 用在Its time句型中：Its time that主语+动词过去式Its time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.3. 在句型.as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done例句：He looked at m
7、e as if I were mad .“I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “ and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.”It looks as if its going to rain.4. 用在 If only 句型中：表示：要是. 该多好啊！（1）If only you hadnt told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.（2）If only you would listen
8、to reason.5. 与“命令，建议，要求, 有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：（1）主动结构：should do（ 2）被动结构： should be done；（ should 可以省略） I suggest that he should come another day. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till he ca
9、me back.（五）情态动词（should / ought to; could; neednt; would like to 等）+have done:表示“本 来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”1. You could have told us earlier.2. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.4. We need not have been in a hurry to catch the train.
10、倒装句：倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象，他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要，再就是 为了强调句中的某一部分。（ 1）当否定副词 never; hardly; seldom; nor; neither; little; few; not; not only 在句首，后面 接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Never have I realized that water is so precious.Seldom have we seen such big melons.（2）Only+介词短语/状语从句，后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Only by changing the way we li
11、ve can we save the earth.（3）Not until +时间状语（从句）后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.（4）as / so / neither / nor在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。后面接助动词/be + 主语的倒装语序。Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development
12、 be possible.A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.（5）在以 here; there; now; out; in; up; down; away 或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完 全倒装结构（谓语+主语）Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.On a hil
13、l in front of them stood a great castle.（6）倒装句在结果状语从句；让步状语从句；时间状语从句中的使用：so / such .that.（如此以致于）将so / such.部分 置于句首：So loudly did he speak that people upstairs could hear him. 表示：“虽然”：名词/形容词，副词/动词+as +主语+谓语Cold as it was, we went out .Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.Child as he i
14、s, he knew what was the right thing to do. 表示：“一就：No sooner had .done .than + 陈述句（过去时）Hardly had. .done. .when+陈述句（过去时）Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.No sooner had we started lunch than the door bell rang.【典型例题】1. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A
15、. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got答案： D分析：本题考查虚拟条件句的运用。题干You didnt let me drive告诉我们后面的条件句是 一个与过去事实相反的假设，有后悔，埋怨的意思。在这种条件句中主句用 would have done， 从句用 had done 结构。2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 答案： B分析：本题考查虚拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语tomorrow以及主句中的 would表明该句是对明天天气情况的虚拟假设，表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为If it should/ were to rain tomorrow0但是条件从句可以去掉连词if，从句用倒装句结构，即: Should it rain tomorrow.3. The captain kept calm
