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1、CHAPTER 3COVERAGE OF LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVEFUNDA-MENTALASSIGN-MENTMATERIALCRITICAL THINKING EXERCISES AND EXERCISESPROBLEMSCASES, NIKE 10K, EXCEL,COLLAB., & INTERNET EXERCISESLO1: Explain step- and mixed-cost behavior.A1,B126, 30, 31,3243,44,48,5559, 61, 62LO2: Explain management infl
2、uences on cost behavior.27, 374356, 60LO3: Measure and mathematically express cost functions and use them to predict costs.28, 33, 34, 35, 3839, 40, 414243, 45, 5052, 54, 5560, 62LO4: Describe the importance of activity analysis for measuring cost functions.A2,B246,4957, 59LO5: Measure cost behavior
3、 using the engineering analysis, account analysis, high-low, visual-fit, and least-squares regression methods.A3,B329, 33, 34, 38, 3940, 41, 4247, 50, 5152, 53, 5558, 62CHAPTER 3Measurement of Cost Behavior3-A1(20-25 min.) Some of these answers are controversial, and reasonable cases can be built fo
4、r alternative classifications. Class discussion of these answers should lead to worthwhile disagreements about anticipated cost behavior with regard to alternative cost drivers.1.(b) Discretionary fixed cost.2.(e) Step cost. 3.(a) Purely variable cost with respect to revenue. 4.(a) Purely variable c
5、ost with respect to miles flown. 5.(d) Mixed cost with respect to miles driven. 6.(c) Committed fixed cost. 7.(b) Discretionary fixed cost. 8.(c) Committed fixed cost.9.(a) Purely variable cost with respect to cases of 7-Up. 10.(b) Discretionary fixed cost.11.(b) Discretionary fixed cost.3-A2(25-30
6、min.)1.Support costs based on 60% of the cost of materials:Sign ASign BDirect materials cost$400$200Support cost (60% of materials cost)$240$120Support costs based on $50 per power tool operation:Sign ASign BPower tool operations36Support cost$150$3002.If the activity analysis is reliable, by using
7、the current method, Evergreen Signs is predicting too much cost for signs that use few power tool operations and is predicting too little cost for signs that use many power tool operations. As a result the company could be losing jobs that require few power tool operations because its bids are too h
8、igh - it could afford to bid less on these jobs. Conversely, the company could be getting too many jobs that require many power tool operations, because its bids are too low - given what the true costs will be, the company cannot afford these jobs at those prices. Either way, the sign business could
9、 be more profitable if the owner better understood and used activity analysis. Evergreen Signs would be advised to adopt the activity-analysis recommendation, but also to closely monitor costs to see if the activity-analysis predictions of support costs are accurate.3-A3(25-30 min.)1.High-Low Method
10、:Support CostMachine HoursHigh month = September$13,5001,750Low month = May 9,000 850Difference$ 4,500 900Variable cost per machine hour = Change in cost Change in cost driver= $4,500 900 = $5.00Fixed support cost per month = Total support cost - Variable support costAt the high point:= $13,500 - $5
11、.00 1,750= $13,500 - $8,750= $ 4,750or at the low point:= $ 9,000 - $5.00 850= $ 9,000 - $4,250= $ 4,7502.The high-low method uses the high and low activity levels to determine the cost function. Since the new October data for machine hours does not change either the high or low level there would be
12、 no change in the analysis. 3.The regression analysis results differ from the results of the high-low method. As a result, estimates of total support cost may differ considerably depending on the expected machine hour usage. For example, consider the following support cost estimates at three levels
13、of machine hour usage (all within the relevant range):Machine Hour Usage950 Hours1,200 Hours1,450 HoursHigh-Low:Fixed$4,750$ 4,750$ 4,750Variable:$5.00 9504,750$5.00 1,200 6,000 $5.00 1,450 7,250Total$9,500$10,750$12,000Regression:Fixed$3,355$ 3,355$ 3,355Variable:$6.10 9505,795$6.10 1,200 7,320$6.1
14、0 1,450 8,845Total$9,150$ 10,675$12,200Because the high-low method has a lower variable cost estimate, the regression-based predictions exceed the high-low-based predictions at higher levels of machine usage, while the high-low estimates are greater at lower levels of usage. The high-low method used
15、 only two data points, so the results may not be reliable. Fernandez would be advised to use the regression results, which are based on all relevant data. 3-B1(20-25 min.) The following classifications are open to debate. With appropriate assumptions, other answers could be equally supportable. For example, in #2, the health insurance would be a c
