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1、动词的ed形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能， 在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。一、动词的-ed形式的特征A. 动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed 构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。1.规则动词的-ed形式limitlimited （限制）pretendpretended （假装）escapeescaped （逃脱）provideprovided （提供）referreferred （提交）dragdragged
2、 （拖）prayprayed （祈祷）supplysupplied （供应）2不规则动词的-ed形式castcast （投掷）spreadspread （传播）bitebitten （咬）forgiveforgiven （原谅）spitspat （吐）wearworn （穿）fightfought （搏斗）loselost （丢失）3少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B. 动词的-ed形式的否定
3、形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside.不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him.从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。C. 动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Born and brought up in the c
4、ountryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生 物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中 国人的喜爱。2及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。Given more time, I could have solved that riddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的 主语I和动词g
5、ive之间是被动关系。）When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的 意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。）The experienee gained in the army was of great value to our study.在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很 有帮助。3不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has es
6、caped）a retired worker 退休工人 （=a worker who has retired）a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 （=a guest who has just arrived）We should bri ng in adva need tech no logy from developed coun tries from time to time我 们应该不时地从 发达国家引进先进技术。People should pay attention to the changed situation.人们应该注意到变化了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用
7、法动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。A. 动词的-ed形式作表语1. -ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。The students are fully prepared.学生们已做好了充分的准备。When we got there, the shop was closed.我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。She felt satisfied with her performanee on the high-and-low bars.她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意、。The land remained unexploited.这片土地尚未开
8、发。Hear ing the news, he looked disappo in ted.听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year.山顶上终年积雪覆盖。比较：要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动 动作。All the doors are locked.所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态）All the doors were locked by the guard.所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态
9、，表示动作）Peter the Great is buried here.彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）2同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而-ing形式作表语 多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。They were frighte ned to hear the frighte ning sou nd.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the s
10、ight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场 的人都感动了。提示：上述动词的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。We are much puzzled by his failure
11、to reply.他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。All the people present were moved to tears.在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。B. 动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。We foun
12、d all the rivers seriously polluted.我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop.昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被 抓住了。He felt his collar pulled by some one from behi nd.他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。2在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。Doris got her bad tooth pulled
13、out in the hospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。比较：动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning.今早我无法把汽车发动起来。He got his sister to help him with his clothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。It is not hard to get him talking; the problem
14、 is stopping him!让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。Can you really get that old clock going again你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？ 动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。You should make your views known to the public.你应该让公众知道你的观点。注意：动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。【误】
15、Can you make the students understanding the text【正】Can you make the students understand the text你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？【正】Can you make the text understood by the students你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ 动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。They all went home, leaving all the work undone.所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.侦探和他的助手把自己整 夜反锁在房间里。3动词的-ed形式也可用在with (without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books.她已经回来了，背包里塞满 了有趣
