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1、GWD-01 (妇女在战前的政治作用)The fields of antebellum (pre-Civil War) political history and womens history use separate sources and focus on separate issues. Political histori ans (5), examining sources such as voting records, newspapers, and politicianswritings, focus on the emergence in the 1840s of a new “
2、American politicalnation,” and since women were neither (10)voters nor politicians, they receive little discussion. Womens historians, meanwhile, have shown little interest in the subject of party politics, instead drawing on personal papers, legal records (15)such as wills, and records of female as
3、sociations to illuminate womens domestic lives, their moral reform activities, and the emergence of the womans rights movement. (20)However, most historians have underestimated the extent and significance of womens political allegiance in the antebellum period. For example, in the presidential elect
4、ion campaigns (25)of the 1840s, the Virginia Whig party strove to win the allegiance of Virginias women by inviting them to rallies and speeches. According to Whig propaganda, women who turned out at the (30)partys rallies gathered informationthat enabled them to mold party-loyal families, reminded
5、men of moral values that transcended party loyalty, and conferred moral standing on the party. (35)Virginia Democrats, in response,began to make similar appeals to women as well. By the mid-1850s the inclusion of women in the rituals of party politics had become common place (40), and the ideology t
6、hat justified such inclusion had been assimilated by the Democrats.-Q4:The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is toA. examine the tactics of antebellum political parties with regard to womenB. trace the effect of politics on the emergence of the womans rights movementC. point out a deficiency
7、 in the study of a particular historical periodD. discuss the ideologies of opposing antebellum political partiesE. contrast the methodologies in two differing fields of historical inquiry-Q5:According to the second paragraph of the passage (lines 20-42), Whig propaganda included the assertion thatA
8、. women should enjoy more political rights than they didB. women were the most important influences on political attitudes within a familyC. womens reform activities reminded men of important moral valuesD. womens demonstrations at rallies would influence mens voting behaviorE. womens presence at ra
9、llies would enhance the moral standing of the party-Q6:According to the passage, which of the following was true of Virginia Democrats in the mid-1850s?A. They feared that their party was losing its strong moral foundation.B. They believed that the Whigs inclusion of women in party politics had led
10、to the Whigs success in many elections.C. They created an ideology that justified the inclusion of women in party politics.D. They wanted to demonstrate that they were in support of the womans rights movement.E. They imitated the Whigs efforts to include women in the rituals of party politics.水的生态与三
11、文鱼关系Over the last 150 years, large stretches of salmon habitat have been eliminated by human activity mining, livestock grazing, timber (5) harvesting, and agriculture as well as recreational and urban development. The numerical effect is obvious: there are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in p
12、ristine (10) ones; however, habitat loss also has the potential to reduce genetic diversity. This is most evident in cases where it results in the extinction of entire salmon (15)populations. Indeed, most analysts believe that some kind of environmental degradation underlies the demise of many extin
13、ct salmon populations. (20)Although some rivers have been recolonized, the unique genes of the original populations have been lost. Large-scale disturbances in (25)one locale also have the potential to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas, even if those areas have pristine
14、 habitats. Why? Although the (30)homing instinct of salmon to their natal stream is strong, a fraction of the fish returning from the sea (rarely more than 15 percent) stray and spawn in nearby (35) streams. Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a
15、 mechanism by which a location can be(40) repopulated should the fish here disappear. Yet high rates of straying can be problematicbecause misdirected fish may interbreed with the existing stock (45)to such a degree that any local adaptations that are present become diluted. Stray ingrates remain relatively low when environmental conditions are (50)stable, but can increase dramatically when streams suffer severe dist
