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1、宾语从句(The Object Clause )学习宾语从句要抓住三要素： 连接词 、语序和时态。一.宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语 :I heard that he would come here later on.主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语 :He said nothing about who broke the window last night.主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词 ） 的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that （that
2、 常可省略）,whether, if代词： who, whose, what ,which副词： when ,where, how, why 等。 连词：He told me （that he would） go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学 .I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车 .Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟 that 从
3、句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to oth
4、er planets.Attention：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时， 常把否定转移至主句表示。 I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 ,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致 .I dont believe tha
5、t man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?We suppose you have finished the project， havent you？ 如果宾语从句中 有某个 含有否定意义的 形容词 或副词 (不包 含带有否定 前缀的 词，如： unhappy ，unfair ，dislike 等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 .We find that he never listens to the teac
6、her carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1)I dont th
7、ink he is right,?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2) . He believes she is right, ?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3) .I thought that he disliked playing football,?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4) . I find important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5) . You cant
8、 imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情况中that不能省略1、 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。I believe(that)you have done your best andthatthings will get better 2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语
9、时，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died.4、当 it 作形式宾语时例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him .许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形
10、式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win ， I believe 6、当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等动词的宾 语时;由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if / whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是 否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用f 在具有
11、选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether (if.or not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay
12、 or whether weg o.我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whethero如：Im interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完 成这项工作。 在不定式前用whethero如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by
13、 train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火 车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not， I cant say.这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whethero如：Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whethero如:Please let me know if you like the book .可理解为:b. If you like the book, please let me know.你
14、如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用f不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、2、3、if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if (即使)和as if (好象)时He talks as if he has known all about it.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这 种结构的动词常常是
15、: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。 连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问 ,但 what, whatever 除了指疑问外 ,也可以指陈述 .Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 .Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 ? 连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when w e should m
