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1、初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有： The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。 . The Object Clause (宾语从句) 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。A) Introduced by that主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell,
2、know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.Im sorry (that) he isnt here right now.Note:1. that 的省略：that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。e.g. I
3、guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. Im afraid (that) youll have to wait.2. 宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：I think chickens can not swim.正：I dont think chickens can swim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong,
4、 isnt he?He thinks he is right, doesnt he?B) Introduced by if/whetherif/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I dont know if/whether it is going to rain.Note: 只用whether的六种情况：1. 在带to的动词不定式前He doesnt kn
5、ow whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2. 在介词后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.3. 直接与or not连用时I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.4. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next wek.5. 宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhether this is true or not,
6、 I cant say.6. 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whetherWhether he is right or wrong is a question.C) Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs（连接代词和连接副词）一、构成： 1. 宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。 Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主语) Did you hear what he said? （作宾语） I do
7、nt know whose that is. （作表语） Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? （作gate的定语） 2. 宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, how, why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。We didnt know when she would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?No one knows why she is late again.二、难点：1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；e.g. *I c
8、ant see that what is over there. （应去掉that）2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：how old she is)3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。e.g. *She didnt tell me when she will come. (应改为：when she would come)三、转换： 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。e.g. Ive no idea what were going to do next. = Ive
9、 no idea what to do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?难点：宾语从句的时态主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。试比较：He says that he wants t
10、o see him as soon as possible.He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.Tom says that he is mending his car.Tom said that he was mending his car.The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.宾语从句中考题练兵：一、单项选择( ) 1. I dont think he will come here on time, ? (重庆)A. wont he B. will h
11、e C. does he D. is he( ) 2. Will you please tell me ? (上海)A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built( ) 3. Its not polite to ask people in England. (常州)A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC. what
12、your city looks like D. how old are you( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , Ill let you know. (扬州)A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC. will come; comes D. comes; will come( ) 5. I cant say I want to see him again. We havent seen each other for nearly three years. (镇江) A. how long B. how soon
13、C. how often D. how much( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化) A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. (河北) A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to( ) 8. Nobody knows hell come or not. (辽宁) A. that B. i
14、f C. / D. whether三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.1. 据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥。 that bridge over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.2. 请你告诉我这把钥匙是用什么制成的好吗？Would you please tell me ?. The Adverbial Clause (状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。A) The Adverbial Clause of Time (时间状语从句)1) Introduced by when(表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，意为“当.时”。)e.g. When you get off the bus, you mustnt push others.2) Introduced by before (表示主句发生的动作发生在从
