情态动词及虚拟语气讲解

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1、情态动词及虚拟语气讲解结构图概述can和could的用法may和might的用法must的用法need和dare的用法情态动词基本用法shall和should的用法will和would的用法ought to的用法used to的用法had better 与 would rather 的用法情态动词 m u s t,c a n,c o u I d,m a y,m i g h t 其它用法表推测的用法“情态动词+have+done”结构的含义及用法一 、 概 述 : 情 态 动 词 有 : can(could) , may(might) , must(must),have to,shall(sho

2、uld),will(would),need(need), dare(dared) , ought to.情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能独立使 用它与其后边的动词原形一起构成谓语情态动词的具体用法如下:二、情态动词的用法:()can和could的用法1. 注意can和could的一般疑问句的回答(could用在疑问句中比 can语气更委婉)。如:Can you finish this work tonight?-Yes,I can./No,I cant.Could you help me-Sure./Certainly./OK. ? Of course.或 Yes , I can. /No (或

3、 Sorry ),Im afraid not.2. can和could表示推测(见后面)。3. can 与 be able to 的区别:can常常指某人具备某种知识或技能,而be able to则指具体做某件事的能力。如:I can read,but I am not able to read this passage.can常常只有现在或过去两种形式,而be able to可以有多种 形式,可以用于多种时态。如:Jim can read and write now,but he couldnt do it when he was four years old. At that time h

4、e was able to answer the question,now he is able to answer the question too. Of course he will be able to answer such question easily in the future.(二)may和might的用法1. 注意may与might的一般疑问句的回答(might用在疑问句 中比may语气更委婉)。用May I.征询对方许可在文体上比较正式, 在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I征询对方意见在现代口 语中更为常见。如: May/Might I ask you some

5、 questions?-Yes,you may./Yes,you can./Yes,you must./Yes,please.-No,you may not. (一般不常用) /No,you cant./No, you mustnt./No,youd better not.2. may和might表示推测(见后面)。3. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如:May you succeed!(三)must的用法:1. 注意must的一般疑问句的回答:Must I go there at once?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.=No,you dont h ave to.表示推测

6、(见后面)。与have to的区别:must只有一种形式,而have to有各种形式和时态,随have 的变化而定。must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往 强调客观需要例如:The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I have missed the bus,so I have to walk home. I had to work when I was yourage.(四)need和dare的用法1作情态动词:need 表示“需要”或“必须”,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯 定句中一般用must, have to

7、, ought to,或should代替(注意其 般疑问句的回答方式与must完全一样);dare主要用于疑问句、 否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。例如:You need nt come so early.Need I finish her work today? -Yes,you must./No,you neednt.=No,you dont have to.Dare he do it?-No , he darent. How dare you say Im unfair If you dare come here,I will come to meet you. He dare

8、nt speak English before such a crowd,dare he?-Yes,he dare./No,he darent.注意:n eed nt have do ne“表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做 了某事”。例如:You n eed nt have waited for me.2. 作实义动词:dare和need后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数和时态的变 化,变否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词。所不同的是,作实义动词 时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式;而在否定和疑问句 中,dare后面的不定式可以不带to .例如:I dare to swim acr

9、oss this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. Does he dare to go there?-Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. He needs to finish it this evening.He doesnt need to finish it this evening. Does he need to finish it this evening?- -Yes,he does./No,he

10、doesnt.(五)shall和should的用法。的用法: shall用于第一人称的肯定句表示将来,用于第一人称的特殊疑问句表示征求对方的意愿例如:I shall go to Beijing tomorrow. What shall we do this evening? shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中、表示说话人征求对方的意 见或向对方提出请示。例如:Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、 警告、允诺或威肋例如:You

11、 shall fail if you dont work harder.(警警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading .(允诺)He shall be puni shed.(威 胁)2. should的用法:should的用法:a. should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to .如: You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?可以用在 if 引导的条件从句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但 也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由sh

12、ould加动词原形 构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。例如:Ask her to ring me up if you should see her 你万一见到她,请 让她绘我打个电话。If you should change your mind, please let us know.万一你 改变主意,请通知我们。Should I( if I should) be free tomorrow I will come万一我明天 有时间,我就来。c. “Why/How should.?”结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感 到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会。例如:Why should you be so

13、 late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚 ? Where is Betty living? 一 How I should know? -贝蒂住在哪里? - 我怎么会知道呢?I dont know why you should think that I did it.我真不知道 你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。d. “ should have done”表示本应该做到而实际上没有做 到 You should have started earlier. ought to的用法:to 也表示“应该”,注意其肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。You ought to obey the oughtnt

14、 to obey the law. Ought you to obey the law?Yes,I ought to./No,I oughtnt to.b.“ought to have done”表示(按规则)过去应做某事而实际 未做例如:You ought to have helped him( but you didnt).这时,ought to与should可以互相换用.注意,在美国英语中,ought to用于否定和疑问句时,to可以省 略.例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much. should与ought to的区别。

15、should侧重表示道德上理应如此,而o ught to侧重表示在规则、 条例或法律上应该如此。如:You should go to class right away. According to the law you ought to obey the rules.(六)will 和 would的用法的用法: Will表示请求、建议等。例如:Will/Would you pass me the book? 表示意志、愿望和决心。例如:I Will never do that again They asked as if We Would do that again.的用法: would是will的过去式。注意其两种固定问句的回答方式。Would you like.?Yes,please./No,tha nks.Would you like to do.?Yes, Id love to./Id love to , but./Im sorry I cant. would与used to的区别:would 表示过去反复发生的动作,没有“现已无此习惯”的含义; 而used to表示过去

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