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1、第一章 名词一、名词的分类：名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可 数名词。专有名词：Beiji ng Smith the Uni ted Natio ns（个体名词： ma n, expert, factory集合名词：audienee （观众），class, family普通名词：物质名词： water, coal, rice不可数名词乂.扌由象名词： surprise, honour, help二、可数名词的复数形式1 .一般情况，直接加 -s。port （港口ports; technique （技术）一techniques2 .以 s, x, ch,
2、sh 结尾发s、d 3音的词，加一esbus buses, boxboxes, bush bushesbranch branches, stomachstomachs （stomach 词尾发 k，故复数直接力口 -s）3. 辅音字母 + y，变 y 为 i,力口-esuniversity universitiesy前为元音字母，直接加 -s boy boys4 .以 0 结尾加-es heroheroes0前为元音字母，及部分外来词直接加-szoozoosradioradiopia no pia nosphotophotos5 .以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v，再力口 -e
3、sleaf leaveswife wives以下f结尾单词直接加-sbelief beliefs （信念）roof roofs （屋顶）proof proofs （证据）safesafes （保险柜）chief chiefs （首领）gulf gulfs （海湾）6.不规则名词manmen,woma nwome n,foot feet,toothteeth,goose geese,mouse mice,child childre n,oxoxe n注1有些可数名词的单复数相同，要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数， 例如：sheep 羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿means手段，方法 wor
4、ks 工厂，作品series系歹U注2：在些可数名词，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义。如果作主语，谓语动词用 复数形式。女口： cattle 牛 people 人民 police 警察注3:集合名词既可看作单数（作为整体），也可看作复数（作为集体的各个成员）。例如：audienee （观众）class （班级） family （家庭）group （小组）Her family is_well-k nown in the regio n.她家在该地区是名门望族。His family are quarrelli ng severely about the property.她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争
5、吵。改错：1. Every possible means have been tried to cure the boy of_his illness. ABCD2. Fish always sells well in the markets because fish contains rich protein, which can build you up.ABCD3. Is it the police who is search ing the house for a wanted crim inal（罪犯） ？A BC D三、不可数名词物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词
6、 a /an,词尾也不能加一请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。advice 忠告，建议 progress 进步，进展 fun乐趣equipment设备wealth财富 damage损坏news 消息information 信息knowledge 知识 weather 天气 English 英语 furniture 家具traffic 交通，车辆及行人 baggage / luggage 行李clothing 衣服，衣着word 消息，信息 work 工作 homework 家庭作业housework 家务改错：1. What a fun it is to be bathed i n sun ligh
7、t on_the beach in summer.A BCD2. At the thought of gaining such great wealths by printing works of famous writers, he was full of_Djoy.3. What pleasant surprise it is to bring me such a nice gift !ABCD4. I feel it_ great honour to be invited to give advice on your teaching papers.A BCD5. Word of his
8、 sudden death came as shock to us.ABC D说明1：部分抽象名词可与a （an）连用，此时词义发生变化，表示某种事或人。这 些词有： surprise, pleasure, shock, honour, help, success 等。当这类词在句中作表语（例3）,作宾补（例4）及在介词as之后，词义发生变化，通常要加 a /an。说明2: paper表示纸”不可数。表示报纸、论文、书面作文、试卷、文件、有 价证券”为可数名词。四、名词的所有格名词的所有格通常在名词后加一构成，用于表示所属关系。用于以下情况：1）表示有生命的名词my brother s car
9、 children s book儿童读物）students rooms2 ）表示国家、城市、地域的名词China s population Beijing s weather3 ）表示天体、时间、距离、金钱的名词the moon s surface ten years hard wc十年的辛劳today s newspapers 20 dollars worth of a stamp张价值 20 美元的邮票 其他无生命的名词通常用“of +名词”的短语表示所属关系。the object of the sentence 句子的宾语the title of the film 影片的名字五、名词的作
10、用1）名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。Mr. Li holds an importa nt position in the gover nment office.主语宾语We elected him mon itor of our class.宾语 宾补2） 名词还作其他名词的前置定语，用于更准确说明某物的用途，性质，组成材料等。a tea cup 茶杯 a car number 车牌号 a shoe shop 鞋店 a stone bridge 石桥名词作定语必须用单数。man, woman作定语，用单数还是复数由被修饰的名词的单复数决定。sport作定语，单复数形式均可。a m
11、an teacher 一个男教师ten women doctors 十个女医生a sport（ s） shirt 运动衫 the arms race 武器竞赛（特例）选：It is said that the Air Force about $80 million a year. Really a problem, isnit ?A . bird hit cost B. birds hit costs C. bird hits cost D. bird hit costs本题题义：空军每年因飞鸟撞击飞机造成的损失达大约八千万美元。考查的是名词 作定语。名词作定语必须用单数，故可考虑的答案为A、
12、C。又因一年内鸟击飞机事件多次发生，故选Co六、学习名词，特别要注意的问题布置1）准确把握词义，重视近义词的辩析选： One of the advantage of living on the top floor of a high risegood . （2001年上海高考题）A. sight B. sceneC. view辩析：sight 1.看见 2视力scene 1.（事件发生的）is that you can get aD. look3视野 4风景现场2场面；情景3.景色4.（拍电影）场景，（舞台）view 1.眺望2.视野3.风景，景色。look 1.看 2.神色，表情 looks
13、 =appearanee 外貌本句意为：住在高层建筑顶层的优越之一，是能清楚眺望到一切。故本题答案为 Co近年来高考试卷非常重视对名词的考查，是重点热点之一。2）正确掌握名词前冠词的使用规则选：1. Summer insouth of France are formost part dry and sunny.A. /; aB. the, /C. /, /D. the, the2. Most animals have little connection with animals of different kinduni ess they kill them for food.A. the ;
14、aB .不填；a C. the ; the D .不填；the名词练习1. He is a man ofand he hasinterestingin his life.A. much experienee; a lot of; experiences B. many experiences; much; experie neeC. many experie nee; much; experie neeD. many experie nces; a lot of;experie nee2. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to makefor
15、 our newstude nts.A. placeB. areaC. roomD. space3. If you are driv ing to the airport, can you give me a?A. ha ndB. seatC. driveD. lift4. Being able to speak another languagefluently is a greatwhen you arelook ing for a job.A. cha neeB. importa neeC. assista ntD. adva ntage5. Theof building the Great Theateronly one year.A. job; spe ntB. work; spe ntC. positi on, too
