《非牛顿流体电动力学外文文献翻译@中英文翻译@外文翻译》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非牛顿流体电动力学外文文献翻译@中英文翻译@外文翻译（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、论文翻译原文：Electrokinetics of non-Newtonian fluids: A reviewABSTRACTThis work presents a comprehensive review of electrokinetics pertaining to non-Newtonian fluids. The topic covers a broad range of non-Newtonian effects in electrokinetics, including electroosmosis of non-Newtonian fluids, electrophores
2、is of particles in non-Newtonian fluids, streaming potential effect of non-Newtonian fluids and other related non-Newtonian effects in electrokinetics. Generally, the coupling between non-Newtonian hydrodynamics and electrostatics not only complicates the electrokinetics but also causes the fluid/pa
3、rticle velocity to be nonlinearly dependent on the strength of external electric field and/or the zeta potential. Shear-thinning nature of liquids tends to enhance electrokinetic phenomena, while shear-thickening nature of liquids leads to the reduction of electrokinetic effects. In addition, direct
4、ions for the future studies are suggested and several theoretical issues in non-Newtonian electrokinetics are highlighted.1. IntroductionThe recently growing interests in electrokinetic phenomena are triggered by their diverse applications in microfluidic devices which could have the potential to re
5、volutionize conventionalways of chemical analysis,medical diagnostics, material synthesis, drug screening and delivery aswell as environmental detection andmonitoring. The prevalent use of electrokinetic techniques in microfluidic devices is ascribed to their several distinctive advantages: (i) the
6、devices are energized by electricitywhich is widely available and ease of control; (ii) the devices involve no moving parts and thus less mechanical failures; (iii) the induced velocity of liquid or particle is independent of geometric dimensions of devices; (iv) the devices can be readily integrate
7、d with other electronic controlling units to achieve fully-automated operation. In addition to its useful applications in microfluidics, electrokinetics is also a basis for understanding various phenomena, such as ionic transport and rectification in nanochannels 1,2, thermophoresis in aqueous solut
8、ions 3,4, electrowetting of electrolyte solutions 5,6 and so on. When a solid surface is brought into contact with an electrolyte solution, the solid surface obtains electrostatic charges. The presence of such surface charges causes redistribution of ions and then forms a charged diffuse layer in th
9、e electrolyte solution near the solid surface to naturalize the electric charges on solid surface. Such electrically nonneutral diffuse layer is usually dubbed electric double layer (EDL) which is responsible for two categories of electrokinetic phenomena, (i) electrically-driven electrokinetic phen
10、omena and (ii) nonelectrically-driven electrokinetic phenomena. The basic physics behind the first category is as follows: when an external electric field is applied tangentially along the charged surface, the charged diffuse layer experiences an electrostatic body force which produces relativemotio
11、n between the charged surface and the liquid electrolyte solution. The liquid motion relative to the stationary charged surfaces is known as electroosmosis (Fig. 1a), and the motion of charged particles relative to the stationary liquid is known as electrophoresis (Fig. 1b). The classic electroosmos
12、is occurs around solids with fixed surface charges (or, equivalently, zeta potential ) for given physiochemical properties of surface and solution, and then the effective liquid slip at the solid surface under the situation of thin EDLs is quantified by the well-known HelmholtzSmoluchowski velocity,
13、 i.e., us = E0/ ( is the electric permittivity of the electrolyte solution, is the zeta potential of the solid surface, E0 is the external electric field strength and is the dynamic viscosity of electrolyte solution). When a charged particle with a thin EDL is freely suspended in a stationary liquid
14、 electrolyte solution, electroosmotic slip motion of solution molecules on the particle surface induces the electrophoretic motion of particle with a velocity given by the Smoluchowski equation, U =E0/ (Note that here denotes the zeta potential of particle). One typical behavior of the second catego
15、ry is the generation of streaming potential effect in pressure-driven flows (Fig. 1c). There are surplus counterions in EDLs adjacent to the channel walls, and the pressuredriven flow convects these counterions downstream to gives rise to a streaming current. Simultaneously, the depletion (accumulat
16、ion) of counterions in the upstream (downstream) sets up a streaming potential which drives a conduction current in opposite direction to the streaming current. At the steady state, the conduction current exactly counter-balances the streaming current, and the streaming potential built up across the channel under the limit of thin EDLs is given by Es = P/(0) (P is externally applied pressure gradient and 0 represents the bulk conductivity of ele
