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1、2013年中考英语 知识综合考点精讲精练（六）（无答案） 人教新目标版重难点语法定语从句精析1. 概念 ：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。他所修饰的词叫先行词。 定语从句就在先行词后。 用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分关系代词(who,whom,that, which, whose, )关系副词（where,when,why）Eg, Did you see the person who often helped othes? 你见过经常帮助别人的那个人了吗？ 主句 先行词 关系词 定语从句 This is the pen which / that he
2、is looking for. 这就是他正在寻找的那支笔。（找出主句、定语从句，关系词，先行词）（初学者注意识别先行词和关系词，并在定语从句中作什么成分）2. 做题时关系词的选择和在句中的作用引导定语从句的关系代词(who,whom,that, which, whose, )关系副词（where,when,why）它们放在定语从句和先行词之间，起联系作用。同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（主语、宾语） 选择关系词取决于1）先行词是人或物； 2）在从句中作主语还是宾语。 当先行词是人时，关系词可以用who或that; 当先行词是物时，关系词用which或that The movie（_ they
3、saw）was very interesting. 他们看的电影非常有趣。（宾语） The boy _ is sitting in the sun is my brother. 坐在太阳下的那个男孩是我的弟弟。（主语） 注意：当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略，又如 The man _ they are waiting for comes from Japan. whose关系词指人或物的所有格。Do you know the boy _ hair is yellow? 你认识那个黄色头发的男孩吗？The classroom _ windows are closed is ours. 关着窗
4、户的那个教室是我们的。 关系副词when,where,why = 介词+which , when,表示时间，跟在hour,moment,day,date, month,year, season ,time,等之后。Eg， Can you tell me the date _ (=on which) you were born? 你能告诉我你的出生日期吗？ where, 表地点，跟在place,village,town,city,home等之后，eg， This is the place _ (=in which) I grew up.这就是我长大的地方。 Why表原因， 在reason之后，
5、eg， Thats the reason _ she didnt come to work. 那就是她没有来上班的原因。注意特殊情况1a) 当先行词被最高级修饰时， 只用that， This is the best book _ I have ever read. （作宾语，可省略）b) 当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时， 必须用that， 而不用which,(不定代词有哪些？all,something,anything,nothing , everything, none, the one, much,little,every,any,some等)Thats the one _ you
6、talked about just now. c) 当先行词有the only,the very, the last, the same, the first等修饰时， 必须用that,He is the only person _ I saw there.d) 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时， 如果介词放在它前面，只用which（物）、whom（人）This is the room that/which he lived two years ago. =This is the room in _ he lived two years ago.The girl who/whom /that
7、he is talking to is my sister. = The girl to _ he is talking is my sister. 但介词短语不能拆开时， 介词不能提前， The babies who/that the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(look after的after不能提前) 注意：当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时， 定语从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词的单复数： The girl who _ (have) long hair is my daughter. The trees that _ (be) p
8、lanted by us last year have grown well .e) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that ， She is no longer the girl _ she wanted to be .f) 当有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词时，只能用that ， egHe talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. g) 以who, which 开头的疑问句，为避免重复， 用that， eg，Who is the girl _ is standing at the door? h) 以There
9、 be 开头的，定语从句用that，There is a seat in the concert _ is still free.注意特殊情况2 : 只用which，不用that的情况 先行词是that,those, 用which ,而不用that, Whats that _ is under the desk ? 关系词前有介词，用which ,而不用that, This is the room in _ I lived many years ago. * 引导非限制性定语从句，用which ,而不用that, Tom came back, which made us happy. 当先行词
10、为anyone,everyone,those,all, any 指人时， 用who, I will shoot anyone _ move. 谁动我就枪毙谁。 It is he _ saved me.是他救了我。本讲知识点精讲精练1. 1)prefer sth=like sth better 更喜欢某东西。 I preferred English = I _ English _. 我更喜欢英语。 2）prefer A to B = like A better than B. 同B相比，更喜欢A。 Prefer doing sth to doing sth He prefers tea _ co
11、ffee. = He likes tea _ _ coffee.与咖啡相比更喜欢茶。 The old man prefers walking _ sitting. = The old man likes walking _ _ sitting.这个老年人宁愿走路也不坐。 3)prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 = prefer doing sth Prefer to do sth rather than do sth比起做sth更喜欢（宁愿）做sth = would do sth rather than do sth =would do sth instead of doing st
12、h She preferred _ (stay) at home all day. 她宁可整天呆在家。 Now, many young people prefers _ (play) computer games rather than_ ( study). = Now, many young people would _ (play) computer games rather than_ ( study). = Now, many young people would_ (play) computer games instead of_ ( study). 4) prefer sb to
13、do sth 更喜欢某人做某事 （宁愿某人做某事） I preferred Tom_(look) after the sick student. 我宁可叫汤姆来照看这个生病的学生。即时提高：用prefer.to.的相关词汇填空（1） My grandma _ country life when she was old.（2） I prefer _ (watch) a soccer match.（3） My mother prefers me _ (stay) with her a little longer.（4） She _ loud music _ quiet music . （5） Ma
14、ry prefers dangcing _ _ (sing).（6） They prefer _ _ (stay) at home rather than _ (go) out with their parents.中考过关 a） I prefer _ to _ . A. sing;dance B. singing; dancing C. singing;dance D. sing;dancing b) I prefer _ rather than do everything else. A. watching TV B. to watch TV C.watch TV D. to watching TV2. A）remind sb of sb/sth 提醒，是某人记起某人/某事His words _ me _
