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1、动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。1）一般现在时的被动语态2）一般过去时的被动语态3）一般将来时的被动语态4）现在进行时的被动语态5）现在完成时的被动语态6）带情态动词的被动语态。（一）被动语态构成被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词see为例列表如下：式时一般式进行式完成式现在时amis seenaream is being seen arehasbeen seen have过去时wasseenw
2、erewasbeing seen werehad been seen将来时shallseenwillshallhave been seen will过去将来时shouldbe seenwould（二）被动语态的适用范围1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。2、为了强调动作的承受者时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。3、出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者You are said to be
3、active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。常用于如下短语：Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布（三）主动语态变为被动语态1、含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句Everyone likes the book. (active voice)大家都喜欢这本书。The book is liked by everyone. (passive voice)这本书受大家喜欢。练习：H
4、e wrote a letter. 2、含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句 （1）行为动词They advised her to take the medicine. (active voice)他们劝她吃这种药。She was advised to take the medicine. (passive voice)她被劝告吃这种药。练习：They named the boy John. （2）感官动词和使役动词跟不定式作宾补时在主动句中，动词不定式做感官动词（see, watch, hear等）和使役动词（make ,have）的宾语补足语，通常省去动词不定式符号to。但改为被动结构后，要把省
5、略了to再加上。They made him go there alone.He was made to go there alone. 练习：We saw him crying.注意：动词是let时，其被动结构中不定式仍不带to。They let John go. 3、含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句直接宾语是名词、代词时She gave me the book. I was given the book. The book was given to me.练习：I bought him a car.直接宾语是从句时如果直接宾语是从句时，一般只能构成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。Someone tol
6、d me where the accident had happened.I was told where the accident had happened. 练习：He tought me how the machine works.4、带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句（1）带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时，通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语。We believed that he was ill.It was believed that he was ill.练习：We know that he dont like Japanese.5、带有情态动词或be going to的主动句换为被动句如果
7、主动句带有情态动词或be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等，在变为被动句时，情态动词或be going to等不变，只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。He is going to give me a book.I am going to be given a book.练习：We must take measures to stop pollution.（三）被动结构的时态 被动语态的时态是由be的不同时态+及物动词的-ed形式来构成的1、一般现在时Football is played all over the world. 全世界都
8、踢足球。2、一般过去式The building was built in 1559. 这座建筑是1559年建成的。3、一般将来时More factories will be built in my hometown. 我们家乡会建更多的工厂。4、现在进行时A teaching building is being built now. 现在正建造一座教学大楼。5、现在完成时All the preparations for the task have been completed and were ready to start. 任务的准备工作业已完成，我么们准备开始。6、过去进行时When I
9、got there a new road was being built by them. 我到那里时，他们正在建一条新路。7、过去完成时He asked me how many English words had been learned by that year. 8、含有情态动词或be going to 的被动语态含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态动词或be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+及物动词的-ed形式” 构成。This bike can be mended in two hours. 两个小时内可修好该自行车。
10、They have to be given a lot of money. 必须给他们很多钱。（四）主动形式表示被动意义1、既是及物又是不及物的动词一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut,Books of this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销。The door wont shut. 门关不上。2、系动词系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等。-Do you like the material?你喜欢这块面料吗？-Yes, it feels very s
11、oft. 喜欢，手感不错。The dish tastes good. 这菜味道不错。3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式need, want, require,take, , deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义。Your hair needs （cut）. The room wants (clean) everyday. The point deserves (mention) The rules take some (learn) The toy car requires (repair) 4、某些表语的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动当动词不定式作表语形
12、容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很那回答。练习：The book is 这本书简单易懂。 5、某些作宾补的形容词后，用不定式主动表示被动当动词不定式作宾补形容词（如形容词easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。We find the man hard to get along with. 我们发现这个人很难相处。练习：I think J
13、apanese 我发现日语很难学。1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A. is playingB. playsC. was playing D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drin
14、k this?A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr
