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1、考研基础语法知识复习虚拟语气虚拟语气句型 8 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）虚拟语气用于would rat her所跟的从句中，表示“宁愿” “但愿”。从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。主语+ wouldrather（that）虚拟语气从句Id ratheryou pos ted the lett er right away.我宁愿你马上就把这封信寄了。I would ratherthat you hadnt told him .但愿你没有跟他讲过。I would ratherthat you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id rathertha
2、t I were young again.我要是返老还童就好了。Id ratherwe had dinner now.我真希望我们现在吃饭。Id ratheryou told me the truth.我宁愿你说实话。Id ratheryou had been presen t.我宁愿你当时在场。Id ratheryou didnt invite too many people.我宁愿你不要邀请太 多的人。(参见 would rather 句型)虚拟语气句型 9 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）在表示要求、建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，其形式是“should +do” 或省去s
3、hould直接用动词原形（美国英语用法.）。这类should+动词原形型的虚拟语气，一般 用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句中。它的使用主要取决于某些特定的表示要求、建 议、命令的动词，名词和形容词。这种类型的虚拟语气谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什 么人称都不能用would， should在口语中可以略去。主语+动词(that )主语+ (should ) +动词原形He insisted(that) John (should) do the job.We suggested(that) the meeting (should) not be postponed.The uni
4、on demanded(that) the wages (should) be raised by 20%.The committee recommendsthat the matter be discussed at the next mee ti ng.The contract stipulates(that) the bes t mat erials be used.The chairman proposed(that) the question (should) be discussed at once.We desired(that) we (should) book the tic
5、kets in advance.1. 他坚持要约翰来做这个工作。2. 我们建议会议不要推迟。3. 工会要求增加工资 20%。4. 委员会提议在下一次会议上再讨论这件事。5. 合同规定使用最好的材料。6. 主席提出要马上讨论这个问题。7. 我们期望能提前预订票。例句：One can suggest that students of English should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.我们建议学英语的学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。He suggested that they (should) setup a
6、 special committeeto look into theproblem.他建议他们应成立一个专门的委员会来调查这个问题。The commander ordered that our company (should) start the attack before dawn.司令官命令我们连在拂晓前开始进攻。I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.我要求他不要废话，只讲实情。The dean requested that the visiting scholar (should) give lectures.
7、系主任要求访问学者应授课。He determined that she go at once. 他决定要她马上走。I prefer that you not eat the meat. 我宁愿你不吃这肉。They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱个歌。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她坚持要提前预定座位。The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed 医生坚持病人做 X 光检查。I sug
8、gested that we should set off earlier 我坚持我们应该早点出发 。The chairman requested that the members study the problem more carefully. 主席要求委员们应更认真地研究这个问题。 .Mother insisted that we (should) be back before 6 in the evening.妈妈坚持我们应该在晚上六点前回来。The doctor advised that Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was full
9、y recovered.医生建议迈克住院治疗直到完全康复。句型说明：1. 常用于这种句型的动词有：advise 劝告 ask 要求 command 命令 decide 决定demand 要求 desire 希望 determine 决心 insist 坚持intend 打算 move 提议 order 下令 prefer 宁愿promise 允诺 propose 提议 recommend 推荐 request (请求)require 要求 suggest 建议 urge 主张有时，上述动词宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，这时 则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生
10、过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明 了”，“暗示”等含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。He insisted that I was wrong. 他坚持认为我是错的。The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret.她脸上的表情预示着她知道这个秘密。2. 表示建议、要求、命令、假设等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语用“should do”，should 可省略。They suggested (that) Tom go to see the doctor. 他们建议汤姆去看医生 。They suggested (th
11、at) Tom not go abroad. 他们建议汤姆不要出国。They suggested that Tom be dismissed. 他们建议开除汤姆。3. 在expect,believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用 “should +动词原形或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。I never expected that the problem should be so comp
12、licated. 我从没想到问题会这样 复杂。I just couldnt believe that he should be so ignorant. 我简直不相信他会这样无知。虚拟语气句型 10 (虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用)英语中专门有一类名词，要求其后的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，即用动词原形， 或 should + 动词原形。这些名词大多是前面讲的那些表示建议、命令、要求等动词的同源名词。虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用His requirement was that the system work.他的要求是该系统要发挥作用。Henry Fords idea
13、was that anassembly line should be introducedin produci ng auto mobiles.亨利福特的想法是引入装配线来生产汽车。His proposal is that the dam be built at the foot of the mountain.他建议在山脚下建筑大坝。Our decision is that the school remain closed.我们的决定是学校继续关闭。The orders are that we stay here. 命令要求我们留在这里。Their demand is that their
14、wages be increased by 20%. 他们的要求是工资增长 20%。Ill follow the doctors advice that I (should) have a good rest for a few days.我听医生的建议好好休息几天。The professor gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.教授指示考试须在五点半之前结束。The generals order that the troops attack the hill surprised us very much.将军的
15、命令要军队攻打山岗，使我们大吃一惊。They made the suggestion that he leave at once.他们提出建议，要他立刻离开。Our suggestion is that you ( should) be the first to go .我们建议你第一个走。My advice is that we (should ) send for Doctor Li .句型说明：1. 一些表示建议、命令、要求、想法等的名词，如 agreement, decision, determination, suggestion ，proposal，idea，plan，order ，等后的表语从句、同位语从句的谓语要 用虚拟语气，即 should+ 动词原形或只用动词原形。常用的这类名词有：advice （ 建议）, command （ 命令）, demand （要求）, desire （ 要求）, idea （意见）, motion （提议）, order （ 命令）, plan （ 计划）, proposal （ 提议）, preference （ 偏爱）, insistence （ 主张）, suggestion （ 建议）, reco
