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1、语法专题一 定语从句考点分析与突破定语从句是中学英语教学的语法重点，也是高考热点。在2009年全国19套高考题中对定语从句子的考查总共出现了16次，在2010年全国19套高考题中出现14次。下面结合高考题来归纳一下定语从句的几大考点：考点一：关系代词、关系副词的理解和选择 备考清单定语从句中的关系代词、关系副词有如下三种功能：在从句的开头引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从句关系；替代先行词且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时可省（如引导词在从句中作宾语时）；在定语从句中充当适当的成分。 1当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如day, time, place, factory, reason等作
2、先行词，在定语从句中作状语时，用where, when和why引导定语从句；在从句中作主语或宾语时，就用that或which试比较： This is the factory where I once worked. This is the factory which/ that Ive visited. The day that/ which I always remember is Oct.1. The day when Nanjing was liberated is Sept.11. The reason why he hasnt come is that he has been ill
3、. Dont believe the reason which/ that he gave you.2，关系词引导定语从句修饰人并在从句中作主语时用who或that，在从句中作宾语时用who, whom, that或把关系词省略掉，但在介词后面只能用whom；引导从句并修饰物时用which或that；在从句中作定语指人或物，表示“的”时用whose。如： Do you know the student who/that left a moment ago? Do you know the student about whom hes talking? Hes the man( that/who
4、/whom) you can depend on. Do you know the student whose father is an engineer? The train that/which has just left is for HongKong. 3that和which在引导定语从句指物时，如果先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身是不定代词，如all, everything, nothing, none等时，或者先行词被the only, the very, just the, any等修饰时不能用which而只能用that。如： This is the very
5、 magazine( that)I am after. You can take any book you like.4. 当修饰的名词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，诸如：activity, case, point state，stage, situation 等意指“情况、情形、形势”时，引导词常用 where 或介词 which 。 如： （06 山东 26. ）Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. whi
6、ch由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，现对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.where定语从句修饰抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis ha
7、s reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交
8、叉的十字路口。where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。where定语从句修饰抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think that d
9、ancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。where定语从句修饰抽象名词situationHe got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might
10、 lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。where定语从句修饰抽象名词positionIts put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。where定语从句修饰抽象名词jobShe wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。例1：(2010湖北卷，77) My mother was so proud of all
11、 （我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)答案: ( that) I had done例 2: ( 2010重庆, 28) In China, the number of cities （在提升其发展）is recognized across the world. (whose) 答案：is increasing whose development例3:(2010全国，16)I refuse to accept the blame for something （其他人的错误）(fault)答案：that was someon
12、e elses /others fault当修饰先行词 something或者其他不定代词时，用that引导定语从名。例4. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (全国I)A. then B. there C. while D. where答案D例5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)
13、A. when B. whose C. which D. where答案D例6. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)答案DA. which B. as C. why D. where例7. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)答案DA. that B. what C. which D. wh
14、ere【即时巩固练习】1. (2010湖南，28)1ve become good friends with several of the students in my school_(我结识）in the English speech contest last year.( meet)答案：who I met。解析：考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students。句意为：我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。2. (2010福建，24) Stephen Hawking believes that the each is unlikely to be the on
15、ly planet（生命逐渐形成） ( life)答案：whereon which life has developed gradually。解析：考查定语从句关系副词的选用。句意为：霍金认为地球不太可能是生命逐渐形成的唯一星球。3. (09全国II,17) My friend showed me round the town, (他真是太好了）( kind)答案：which was very kind of him解析：考查非限制性定语从句。从句中的which指代前面整个句子。考点二：定语从句与别的从句或强调结构的区别，定语从句与非谓语动词的重叠考查 备考清单 1定语从句与强调结构的区别：两者十分相似，稍不注意就会出错。判断
