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1、第五讲 完型填空题型及解题技巧250 词/篇,15 分钟,说明文或议论文: 科普,经济,历史,社会,文化,教育,一 四大题型特征:1, 语义衔接题 75% ,考查词汇掌握能力. 根据上下文的语义对同义,近义,或近形的实词(动 词,名词,形容词,副词等) 或短语的选择200431It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a routine of sleep andwakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night.A, former B
2、, returned C. reversed D. regular2. 逻辑衔接题：3-4 个，侧重点是对句子与句子之间关系的理解，连贯性的理解，主要是看 逻辑关系过渡词表列举：first, second, third. ; firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, next, then,.; in the first place, in the second place. ; for one thing , for another thing; to begin with, to conclude,表原因： because, since, as，now that,
3、 due to , owing to , thanks to , in consequence of.表结果：so，therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result. .表转折： but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless表让步： still, though, although, in spite of , at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever表对照： on the contrary, in contrast, by con
4、trast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, whereas, while表补充： also, too, further, furthermore, moreover, in addition (to),whats more, besides, likewise, similarly, either, neither, not. but., not only. but also.表示时间顺序： when, while , as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once, no sooner
5、. than, hardly. when; scarcely. when.表目的： so that, lest, for fear that, so as to .表条件： if, whether, supposed that, unless, in case, so/as long as, so far as, on condition (that), given (that), provided (that)表举例： for example, for instance, such (. ) as. ; and so onEg. 2004-34This means that no soone
6、r has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, _34_ much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very _35_.A, though B, so that, C, while D. as3. 结构衔接题1-2 个，固定句式的衔接以及对从句，虚拟语气，倒装句式及平行结构等语法关系的考查， 做题时要寻求谓语动词的结构和形式为照应线索，或者依据前后句的意思和逻辑关系判断从 句的种类Eg. 20033940McDonalds fries now
7、 come from huge manufacturing plants _39 can process twomillion pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion40McDonald s and the popularity of itslow-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.39. A. this B. that C. / D. what40. A. into B. from C. in D. of4. 固定搭配题1-2 个，考查对词汇固定用法的掌握情况，如动词和介词，
8、副词的固定搭配，名词和介词的 搭配，形容词和介词的搭配等。Eg. 2004-26The normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 26_ the hours of darkness.A. in B. with C. of D. over解析：Coincide with.200137. .even if this is restricted d _37
9、_ how proper names and place names are pronounced.A. knowing B. having known, C. know D. have known解析：is restricted to，其中的to为介词。二4大解题步骤:1) 读全文，明大意2) 试验性作选择3) 找关系，定答案4) 重读全文核对答案解题技巧：1代入排除法1) 判断所填词在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，从而排除干扰选项2) 根据上下文的时态，语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项3) 根据名词的数来判断各选项是否符合句子要求4) 寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语，从而排除不能与其搭配的
10、选项5) 将各选项代入空白处将句子翻译成汉语，排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项Eg. 2004.so that much of time is spent neither working nor sleeping veryA. efficiently B. good C. easily D. happily解析： good 是 adj, 首先排除2003-A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial A. brand B. stuff C. commodity D. produce解析：由空格前的不定
11、冠词a可推断此处应填可数名词，stuff和produce是不可数名词， 因而排出。2搭配照应法 照应法是指空格前或后出现的暗示学生选择正确答案的推理线索。因此，同学们在做完 型填空题时，不要就题解题，孤立地根据一句话进行判断，而应该寻找其照应关系词， 这样完型填空的准确率将大大提高。1) 选项为四个动词时:要看与其主语在语法上,意义上或主谓搭配是否合适 .看主语是人还是事物, 主语可 不可能发出这个动作。同时还要看与其宾语是否搭配合适。Eg. 2003During McDonalds early years French fries were made from scratch every d
12、ay. Russet Burbank potatoes were _26_ , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens.A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced2) 选项为 4个形容词时： 如果是系表结构，主要看主语和表语搭配的合适性。 要看主语是人还是物， 不是 所有的形容词都能修饰人或物。 如果是直接修饰名词或名词性词组， 那么要看它 们的逻辑意义是否通顺，褒贬意义是否一致。Eg.The speaker who does not have specific words in his worki
13、ng vocabulary may be _49_ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.A. obscure B. difficult C. impossible D. unable解析： 所填词作表语，且主语是人。 Obscure 意思是“模糊的，无名的”， 只能 用来作定语，可排除；difficult, impossible 一般不用人来作主语，所以选D。3) 选项为 4个名词时 如果该名词作主语，那么要看主、谓搭配或主、表搭配是否合适。 如果该名词作 宾语，那么要看动宾搭配是否合适
14、。Eg. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer had to make many of the same kind of _14_A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determinations 解析：语义衔接题。所填名词为make的宾语，而符合这个条件的只有decisions. Solution 常和 achieve, find 等连用，不与 make 搭配。 Conclusion 常与 draw, reach,come to , bring to 搭配， determinati
15、on 一般与 have 搭配3结构照应法 完型填空中经常会测试一些固定结构，固定句式，要用到结构照应法解题 Eg. 2004It normally _30_ from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a adopt toA, takes B, spends C. demands D. asks解析： 句型 It takes some time to do sth.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine _ 33_ he has to change to another, .A. as B. when C. thenD. than解析： no sooner.than “一就4原词复现照应法 即关于主题词或其他重要词汇一般会在短文中反复出现，考生要捕捉此信息点。 Eg. 2004The normal human daily cycle of activity is . . Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this _27_ can be modified.A. cycle B.
