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1、直接引语和间接引语的转化一、定义直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话 （间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句） 直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。 在学习直接引语和间接引语过程中，应注意三个问题1）选用正确引导词2）语序（陈述句语序）3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化二、转化- 人称（一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新） “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被 第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. f She said her bro
2、ther wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。 或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引 号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now? fHe asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said, Jack is a good worker。 fM
3、r Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、转化句式直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：1）陈述句:用连词that引导（that在口语中常可省略）。He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said that he left his book in your room.* 从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。Practice:1）He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.”He said _his_brother had failed in the exam.
4、2）He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”He asked Mary how _her_mother was then.3）My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _she_was a good student4）He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _he_had left _her_ book in _my_ room.2）祈使句3）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句） 直接引语如果是疑问句
5、，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述语序。 句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。(1)一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连 词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间 接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me, him, her, us etc)。He said， “are you interested in English？”He asked me if I was interested in English.He said， “Did you see him last night？”He asked me wh
6、ether Ihad seen him the night before。(2)特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原 来的疑问词引导。“What can I do for you？”he asked me。He asked me what he could do for me。* 一、陈述句 S-V- said/ told me/ us that - 从句二、一般或选择疑问句 S-V-asked/wanted to know if/ whether 从句三、特殊疑问句 SV asked - wh 从句四、祈使句 S-V/ ordered/told/ askedSb.(n
7、ot) to do五、感叹句 S-V- how/what/that-从句二、转化1）时态He says, I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow.直接引语转换成间接引语 时的时态变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时一 一般过去时He said， “Im afraid I cant finish the work.He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在进行时- 过去进行时He said， “Im using the knife.He said tha
8、t he was using the knife.现在完成时- 过去完成时She said， “Ive not heard from him since May.She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时- 过去完成时He said， “I came to help you.He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时 不变He said， “I had finished myhomeworkbeforesupper.He said that he had finished the ho
9、mework before supper.一般将来时- 过去将来时She said， “Ill do it after class.She said that she would do it after class.Practice :1 . John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ”John said that he _liked_ reading adventure stories.2 . She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ”She told me that she _had broken_
10、 my CD player.3 . He said, “Ill come here this morning.He said he_would_ go there that morning4 . He says, “I have finished my homework.He says that he _had_his homework.5 . He said, “they are playing games over there?He said that they_were_ playing games over there.2)直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变Can c
11、ould May might shall/ willshould/ wouldMust- mustought to ought to3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化.this- thatherethere come- go bring- take直接引语转化间接引 语时的变化例句直接引语间接引语This-thatShe said, “Ill finish the work this morning.She said that she would finish the work that morning.These-thoseHe said, “These books are
12、 mine.He said that those books were his.Now-thenHe said, “Its nine oclock now.He said that it was nine oclock then.Today-that dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.HE said that he hadnt seen her that day.Yesterday-thedaybeforeShe said, “I went there yesterday.She said that she had gone there the day
13、before.Tomorrow-the next dayShe said, “Ill go there tomorrow.She said that she would go there the next day.Ago- beforeShe said, “He left 30 minutes ago.She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.Here-thereHe said, “My sister was here one week ago.He said that his sister had been there one week b
14、efore.Practice:My friend says:” I will come here tomorrow.” 此时此地应转述为：My friend say that she she will come here tomorrow. 时间变了，地点不变，应转述为：My friend said that she would come here the next day. 地点变了，时间不变，应转述为：My friend said that she will go there tomorrow. 时间地点都变了，应转述为：My friend said that she would go t
15、here the next day.注意：直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变1. 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时， 变间接引语时时态不变The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.” -The teacher told to the students that the earth is round. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” -He said that light travels much faster than sound.“A friend in need is a friend indeed,” Mother said to me. Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.2. 当引语中的时间
