《起重吊装讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《起重吊装讲义.doc（31页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第一章 钢丝绳一、起重吊装用钢丝绳的类型和选用序号钢丝绳类型一般适宜选择场合16191用作缆风绳、拉索（用于不受弯曲或可能磨损的地方）26371用于滑车组中（用于绳子受弯曲时）36611用于滑车组中和制作千斤绳（吊索）以及绑扎起吊重物二、钢丝绳的受力及安全系数1、钢丝绳的容许拉力T=P/KP-钢丝绳的破断拉力，即钢丝破断拉力总和乘以换算系数K-钢丝绳的使用安全系数2、钢丝绳的使用安全系数K应符合下列规定：使用情况K值使用情况K值用于缆风绳3.5用作吊索、无弯曲6-7用于手动起重4.5用作绑扎的吊索8-10用于机械起重5-6用于载入的升降机14以上 3、钢丝绳的破断拉力为钢丝破断拉力的总合乘以换
2、算系数K。当钢丝绳为619+1时，K=0.85;当钢丝绳为637+1时，K=0.82;当钢丝绳为661+1时，K=0.80;钢丝绳的规格型号可参看现行国家标准钢丝绳GB/T8918。破断拉力应按产品出厂合格证选用，否则只能按最低强度级选用破断拉力。三、钢丝绳的主要技术规格钢丝绳（6191）主要技术参数直径（mm）钢 丝总断面积（mm2）百米参考重量（kg）钢丝绳公称抗拉强度（MPa）钢丝绳钢丝14001550170018502000钢丝绳破断拉力（kN）6.27.79.31112.51415.51718.52021.52324.526283134374043460.40.50.60.70.80
3、.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.82.02.22.42.62.83.014.3222.3732.2243.8552.2772.4989.49108.28128.87151.24175.40201.35229.09258.63289.95357.96433.13515.46604.95701.60805.4113.5321.1430.4541.4454.1268.5084.57102.30121.80142.90165.80190.30216.50244.40274.00338.30409.30487.10571.70663.00761.1017.026.638.352.
4、168.185.9106.3128.8153.0179.8208.7239.3272.4307.7344.7425.9515.1613.3719.5834.7956.318.829.442.457.775.495.2117.7142.4169.6198.9230.8265.2301.8340.6381.7471.3570.4671.1796.9922.31058.320.732.346.563.382.7104.6129.2156.4186.2218.5253.3290.7330.7373.6418.6517.2625.6744.6871.31011.51160.322.435.150.668
5、.989.7113.9140.7170.0202.3237.6275.4316.2359.9406.3455.6562.7680.8810.4947.71100.71266.524.338.054.774.597.3122.8151.7184.0218.9256.7297.9342.1389.3439.4492.6608.2钢丝绳（6371）主要技术参数直径（mm）钢 丝总断面积（mm2）百米参考重量（kg）钢丝绳公称抗拉强度（MPa）钢丝绳钢丝14001550170018502000钢丝绳破断拉力（kN）8.711.013.015.017.519.521.524.026.028.030.03
6、2.534.536.539.043.047.552.056.060.565.00. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.82.02.22.42.62.83.027.8843.5762.7485.39111.53141.16174.27210.87250.95294.52341.57392.11446.13503.64564.63697.08843.471003.801178.071366.281568.4326.2140.9658.9880.27104.8132.7163.8198.2235.9276.8321.1368.6419.44
7、73.4530.8655.3792.9943.61107.41284.31474.332.049.972.098.0127.0162.0199.7241.9287.8337.8392.0450.0512.1578.1647.8799.9967.61152.11348.91566.21799.935.455.479.7108.2141.5179.2221.4267.7318.6374.3433.8498.2567.0642.0717.5685.61070.11275.11496.51734.31992.638.860.787.3118.9155.4196.46242.7293.6349.7410
8、.4476.0546.5621.6701.9786.8971.71172.61398.11640.01902.42185.342.266.185.1129.2168.9214.0264.0319.8380.5446.5517.8594.5676.5763.8852.81053.71279.21521.11783.52070.52378.045.771.4102.5139.8182.8231.2285.7345.6411.2483.0560.0642.9731.4824.1922.51139.8四、起重吊装常用千斤绳（绳扣）1、插编的绳扣GBT 16271绳扣一般由插接而成，其插接长度为2030
9、倍的钢丝绳直径，可按下表选用。绳扣插接长度钢丝绳直径/mm绳扣插接长度a/mm所需钢丝绳长度/m12300绳扣长度L+2.016350绳扣长度L+2.619400绳扣长度L+3.222450绳扣长度L+3.825500绳扣长度L+4.530600800绳扣长度L+5.52、绳夹绳扣（GBT 5976附录）钢丝绳绳夹安装方式及要求 钢丝绳末端固定，一般用钢丝绳绳夹将两绳端并列压紧，以箍卡的方式连接承受拉力。装设绳夹应符合下列要求： a固定钢丝绳末端装设绳夹的数量、间距按下表数值选用；绳夹的数量、间距钢丝绳直径/mm绳夹数量/个绳夹间距/mm钢丝绳直径/mm绳夹数量/个绳夹间距/mm6810121
10、41618202224223333444570801001001001201201201401502628323640444852566055678910111213170180200230260290310330350370 b装设绳夹时，须将U型螺栓圆环装卡在绳端头一侧，如图所示。下图为装有保安绳夹，便于及时发现绳夹的松动并自动投入工作； a b绳夹使用方法c各绳夹均应拧紧至一定程度，以将钢丝绳直径压扁1/3左右为宜；d严禁使用与钢丝绳直径不相匹配的绳夹。五、绳扣的受力按下式计算： 式中 Q吊物重量； 绳扣分支数； 绳扣与水平面的夹角，一般应控制在45o60o之间，特殊情况下，不得小于30
11、o。六、绳扣的选用根据吊物重量，可按下表选择绳扣直径。根据吊物重量选择绳扣直径吊物重量（t） 绳扣分支数垂直夹角垂直夹角垂直夹角1246004503006004503006004503006371钢丝绳直径/mm12345678910111213141520253035404550607080901001519.524281517.519.521.5242613151517.519.519.521.521.524242626111519.521.52426281317.521.52426281519.52428131517.519.519.521.52424262628283034.51517.519.521.521.524262628283032.532.536.517.519.521.52426283032.532.534.536.536.53919.519.521.521.524263032.534.536.536.54343
