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1、An Analysis of Tess of the DUrbervilles from the Perspective of EcofeminismThomasHardy1840-1928wasanEnglishnovelistandapoetwhoseclosingphaseofcareerinfictionwascharacterizedwiththetragicsenseandtheconflictbetweenthetraditionalandthemodern.ThepublicationofTessoftheDUrbervilles1891，whichmarkedhislater
2、period，wasgenerallyconsideredoneofHardysfinestnovels.TessDurbeyfield，attractiveandinnocent，isseducedbyadandycalledAlec，forwhichsheislaterabandonedbyherhusbandAngelClareshortlyafterhelearnsthetruth.Emotionallybereftandfinanciallyimpoverished，TessistrappedbynecessityintogivinginonceagaintoAlec.WhenAng
3、elreturnshowever，shekillsAlecindespairandishangedforthemurder.Knownas“novelofcharacterandenvironment，TessoftheDUrbervillesisthebestrepresentativeofHardyasbothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriter，whoseideaofecofeminismisremarkableinthisverynovel.Emerginginthe1970s，theconceptofecofeminismrelatesenvi
4、ronmentaldamagetowomensexploitationandlackofempowerment.ToquoteProfessorMaryMellor，aUKacademic，“Ecofeminismbringstogetherelementsofthefeministandgreenmovements，whileatthesametimeofferingachallengetoboth.InTessoftheDUrbervilles，thethoughtofecofeminismisevidentinseveralaspects.Firstofall，thereisaninti
5、mateaffinitybetweenwomenandnature.AccordingtoHardy，womenarepartsofnature，andnaturetheenlargementofwomen.“Afield，manisapersonalityafield;afield-womanisaportionofthefield;shehassomehowlostherownmargin，imbibedtheessenceofhersurrounding，andassimilatedherselfwithit.Hardy，2020：94InHardysworks，thedestinyof
6、femalecharactersareintertwinedwiththeenvironment，andtheshiftofplacesheraldstheturnoffate.Forinstance，theviablegreenBlackmoorValeisthecradleofpureness.TheheavyfoggyTalbathaysdairyistheheavenofpassion.ThesterilefarmofFlintcomb-Ashisthederisivenessofbanishment.EventuallytheStonehengereflectsTesssdoomed
7、death.Therefore，Tessscharacteriscloselylinkedtotheenvironmentandherpainfuldestinyparallelsthealterationofsurroundingsinthebook.Thesimilaritybetweenwomenandnaturealsoreflectsintheirdispositionofselflessnessandgenerosity.Naturebearsfruitsforhumansandasksnothingforreturn，soitiswithwomen.ThoughTessschil
8、dSorrowisaproductofheradversity，shelovesthebabywholeheartedly.Likewise，sheforgivesAngleforhismisconductandevensacrificesherlifeforhimwhenhereturns.Onthecontrary，themalecharactersinthebookareselfishvampireswhocareonlyforthemselvesandsuckwomensbloodandsoul.HerecomesthesecondaspectoftheecofeminisminTes
9、softheDUrbervilles，thatistheidentitybetweenecologicaldamageandgenderoppression.Withtheintrusionofindustrialization，theoriginalserenityandthesecludedlifeonthevillageMarlottistotallybroken.Similarly，womenaredominatedandexploitedbymen.TessiscovetedandrapedbyAlecforherinnocenceandbeauty，butismockedandcr
10、iticizedforthat，althoughitisnotherfaultatall.Herperpetratorneverfeelsashamedforevenonemoment，butblamesherforhisdegradation，saying“Youhavebeenthecauseofmybacksliding.Besidethemanwhoconsideredevil，themanseenasaperfect“anglealsoabusesTess，whichissoironic.Becauseofthepatriarchalconventions，Tessismercile
11、sslydiscardedbyherhusbandAngelwhensheconfessesher“sin.Tomakemattersworse，undertheadverseinfluenceofpaternity，TesspassivelyacceptssuchridiculousprejudiceandregardsherselfasasectionofAngelwhowouldloseherexistencebeyondalldoubtsifAngeldoesnotlikeheranymore.Therefore，itcanbejustlysaidthatwhatkillsTessin
12、theendisnotthehang，butratherthesocialenvironmentshelivesin，theplayofthe“mensclub.ThomasHardysTessoftheDUrbervillesiscertainlyagreatliteraryworkforecofeminism.Byexposingtheeconomicexploitationofnatureandtheoppressionofwomenintheindustrialage，Hardymakesascathingcriticoftheirrationalsociety，callsforthe
13、protectionofenvironmentandalsoadvocatesgenderequality.Indeed，thereisacloserelationshipbetweenthegovernanceoverwomenandthedestroyofnature.Bothformsofdominancearecontrolledbythesamelogicofhierarchicalvalue.Therefore，thepatriarchycouldnotbechallengedwithoutchallengingecologicaldamagesandeachsideoftheproblemmustbeaddressedinordertoaddresstheother.【作者簡介】张诗雨，浙江理工大学。
