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1、宾语从句专项训练I.宾语从句1)从句为陈述句时引导词为that 2)从句为一般疑问时引导词为 if 或 whether. 3)从句为特殊疑问句时引导词为原引导词。注意：（1）宾语从句中从句用陈述句语序。（2）当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时或祈使句，从句根据实际情况用各种时态。（3）当主句为过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。（4）有时需有人称上的变化。例句：1)He said that he would go to Beijing. 2) I want to know if / whether he is a worker.3) Can you tell me what she said just
2、now?无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下五种句型结构：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Excuse me, could you tell me which is the way to restrooms，please？He doesnt know who lives over there 2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
3、He asked whose bag this was 他问这是谁的书包。I wonder how much water there is in the glass我想知道杯里有多少水3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if(一般用于口语) whether（与同音词weather;“天气”的拼写区别,写在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He couldnt decide if he would buy themCould you tell me how
4、I should come up with the problem ？ 4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：I dont know how many books he has？我不知道他有多少本书？He didnt understand which book I was looking for他不明白我在找哪一本书。5) 连接词+动词不定式(to+V 动词原形)+. 连接词可以是关系代词和关系副词,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who etc.Eg
5、:1）I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎样使用电脑2）I dont know how I should do with the presents. =I dont know how to do with the presents.II连接词的使用1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont
6、 know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用w
7、hether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上
8、来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question The question is whether we can catch the bus若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）
9、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？ III时态的呼应含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He ask
10、ed his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。IV综合运用if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时
11、时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell youI dont know if he will comeHe will come if it doesnt rain判断方法：1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外)，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，
12、词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3、从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。一、用合适的连接词填空1.WangHai told me_he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.(how, why)2. Can you tell me_else is going to be on duty today
13、?(who, whom)3.She said_it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)4.He always thinks_he can do better.(how, who)5.I really dont know_the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)6.They dont know_we are going hiking.7. She wanted to know_her coat would be ready the next day.8. I was really surprised at_I sa
14、w.9. I dont know_so many people crowding round him10 .Do you know_shirt it is?二、 从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you. A. if; WhetherB. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he
15、come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. howC. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom
