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1、2019四级考试阅读讲义(五十七)Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Themainideaofthesebusiness-schoolacademicsisappealing.Inaworldwherecompaniesmustadapttonewtechnologiesandsourcesofcompetition,itismuchharderthanitusedtobetooffergoodemployeesjobsecurityandanopportunitytoclimbthecorporateladder.Yetitisalso
2、morenecessarythaneverforemployeestoinvestinbetterskillsandsparklewithbrightideas.Howcanfirmsgetthemostoutofpeopleiftheycannolongerofferthemprotectionandpromotion?考试大Manybosseswouldlovetohaveananswer.SumantraGhoshaloftheLondonBusinessSchoolandChristopherBartlettoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolthinktheyhave
3、one：“employability”.Ifmanagersoffertherightkindsoftrainingandguidance,andchangetheirattitudetowardstheirunderlings,theywillbeabletoreassuretheiremployeesthattheywillalwayshavetheskillsandexperiencetofindagoodjobevenifitiswithadifferentcompany.Unfortunately,theypromisemorethantheydeliver.Theirthought
4、sonwhatanidealorganizationshouldaccomplisharehardtoquarrelwith：encouragepeopletobecreative,makesurethegainsfromcreativityaresharedwiththepartsofthebusinessthatcanmakethemostofthem,keeptheorganizationfromgettingstaleandsoforth.Therealdisappointmentcomeswhentheyattempttoshowhowfirmsmightactuallycreate
5、suchanenvironment.Atitsnubisthenotionthatcompaniescanattaintheseelusivegoalsbychangingtheirimplicitcontractwithindividualworkers,andtreatingthemasasourceofvalueratherthanacoginamachine.TheauthorsofferafewinspiringexamplesofcompaniestheyincludeMotorola,3MandABBthathavemanagedtogosomewaytowardscreatin
6、gsuchorganizations.Buttheyofferlittleusefulguidanceonhowtogoaboutit,andleavethebiggestquestionsunanswered.Howdoyoucontinuouslytrainpeople,withoutdivertingthemfromtheireverydayjobofmakingthebusinessmoreprofitable?Howdoyoutrainpeopletobesuccessfulelsewherewhilestillencouragingthemtomakebigcommitmentst
7、oyourownfirm?Howdoyougetyournewlyliberatedemployeestospendtheirtimeonideasthatcreatevalue,andnotsimplyonthosetheyenjoy?Mostoftheiranswersareplatitudinous;andwhentheyarenottheyareunconvincing.36. Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinthepastagoodemployee.hadjobsecurityandopportunityofpromotionhadtocompetewit
8、heachothertokeephisjobhadtoundergotrainingallthetimehadnodifficultyclimbingthecorporateladderBy“employability”,GhoshalandBartlettmean.A)abilitytolearnnewskillsB)abilitytofindagoodjobabilitytododifferentkindsofjobsabilitytokeeponesjob38. WhatdoesthewriterofthispassagethinkoftheideasofGhoshalandBartle
9、tt?A) Veryinstructive.B) Veryinspiring.C) Hardtoimplement.D) Quitefoolish.39. Intheirbook,GhoshalandBartlettdiscuss.A)changesinbusinessorganizationsB)contractsbetweenemployersandemployeesC)employmentsituationsD)managementideas考试大Thispassageseemstobea(n).A) bookreviewadvertisementnewsreportresearchpaper
