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1、“医学影像诊断学”专业英语学习技巧（1） 词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名篇 泰山医学院放射学院 影像诊断学教研室 卢 川为了配合学生们学习“医学影像诊断学”专业英语，本人根据自己的教学经验，总结出如下技巧，供同学们参考。医学影像诊断学专业英语学习中的技巧包括：l 熟记常用的词根、前后缀和病名l 熟记常用的高频词和句型l 熟记全文阅读中的关键词l 结合专业知识进行阅读和猜测本文针对这几个方面提供了如下相关内容，供同学们参考。常用的词根、前后缀和常见疾病病名Why Do We Study Medical Terminology?The number of Medical words are enorm
2、ous. How many medical words are there in a medium-sized medical dictionary? The answer is around 100,000, which is only a conservative estimate. Moreover, like the jargon（ 行话）in all forward-moving fields, the number is expanding so constantly and quickly that it defies 藐视any memorization!Most medica
3、l terms are based on Greek and Latinwords, which are consistent 一致的 and uniform 统一的 throughout manydifferent areas. These Greek and Latin parts of words are called the root, prefix, suffix, combing vowels and combining forms.The root, prefix, suffix can aid in learning and remembering medical terms
4、and even help in making informed guesses as to the meaning of unfamiliar words.Furthermore, their numbers are limited, about 400 to 500 or so (the most active ones), but the combinations derived from them are enormous. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that t
5、o learn the root, prefix, suffix is much more efficient and meaningful than to try to memorize every medical term. adeno-腺 angio- 血管 arterio动脉 arthro-关节 atrio-心房; bi-双,生，生命 blastoma胚细胞瘤 carcino癌 card-, cardio-,心,贲门 centesis-穿刺术 cephal-, cephalo-头 cervico-颈 chondr-;chondrio-软骨； chromato-; chrom-; chr
6、omo-色 colon-结肠 cranio-颅 cyano-青紫，绀 cysto-囊肿，膀胱 ； cyto-细胞 dendron-树突 derma皮，皮肤 diplo-双,两 dys 不良，困难，障碍 enteric-肠 exo-外 fibro纤维 ganglio-神经节 glio：胶质； glyco- gluco- 糖，甜 gon精液，种子，膝； graphy-书写，记录，摄影 hemi-半; hemo-,haemo- 血 hepato-肝 histo组织 hydro水 hyper高，多，超； hystero-子宫,癔病 iatro-医师,医学 idio-自发，特异； infra在下； in
7、ter-间; intra-内，在内； latero-侧，旁 leio-平滑 lingo-舌 lysis；lyso-溶解 -megaly大； meningo脑膜，脊膜； meno-月经 meta变，转 meta间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次 mito-线 mono单，一 morpho形态，形 muco黏液 multi多 myelo-, myel-，髓，脊髓 myo-肌 necro坏死，尸体 nephro-肾 neuro/neur-神经 oligo少； osteo骨； -plasty 成形术 pneumo-气，气体，呼吸 poly多 pseudo-假 pulmo -肺 pyelo肾盂 pykno-
8、致密 pyloro-幽门; rectal-直肠的 renal 肾的 retro-后，向后，在后 salpingo-管,咽鼓管,输卵管 sarco-肉，肌 scope，镜 semi半 sphero-球 sterno-胸骨 sub-下，在下，次，亚 supra-:上 supratentorial 幕上的 thoraco-胸 thrombo-血栓 -tomy,切开术 toxico- 毒 trans-经，越，横过， tri 三 uni-一，单； urino-, uro-, ur-,urono-尿 varico- 静脉曲张 vaso- 血管 veno 静脉 ventriculo （脑，心）室 verte
9、bro- 椎骨，脊柱 adenoma 腺瘤 adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症 adnexitis 子宫附件炎 air bronchogram 支气管气像 aortic regurgitation 主动脉关闭不全 aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄 arteriovenous malformation 动静脉畸形 arthropathy 关节病 astrocytoma 胞瘤星形细胞瘤 atelectasis 肺不张 atrial septal defect房间隔缺损 arteriovenous fistulae , AVF 动静脉瘘 bronchial foreign body支气管
10、异物 bronchiectasis 支气管扩张 bronchiolitis 细支气管炎 cerebral Infarction 脑梗死 chondroma 软骨瘤 colonoscopy 结肠镜检查术 congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭 consolidation 肺实变 coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病 craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤 DWI 扩散成像 emphysema 肺气肿 ependymoma 室管膜瘤. epidural haematoma 硬脑膜外血肿 filling defect 充盈缺损 four ch
11、amber subcostal view 剑突下四腔心 gastric ulcer 胃溃疡 giant cell tumor of bone 骨巨细胞瘤 glioblastoma 恶性胶质瘤 glioma 胶质瘤 hepatic cavernous haemangioma 肝海绵状血管瘤 hepatocellular carcinoma 肝细胞肝癌 hepatomegaly 肝肿大 inferior vena cava 下腔静脉 infertility 不孕症, intraluminal crater 腔内龛影 mediastinal thyroid mass 胸内甲状腺 MIP: Maximum Intensity Projection 最大密度投影 MPR: Multiple Plannar Reconstruction 多平面重组 musculoskeletal 骨肌的 nephrohydrosis 肾积水 nephrolithiasis 肾石病 niche 龛影 Oligodendroglioma 少突胶质胞瘤 osteiod osteoma骨样骨瘤 osteochondroma 骨软骨瘤 osteomalacia 骨软化症 os
