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1、过去分词的用法详解1. 分词作定语1） 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面， 作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Where are the reserved seats? （ =Where are the seats which have been reserved?）预定的座位在哪里？This is a pressing problem. （ =This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其
2、作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：The funds raised （ = which have bee n raised） are mainly used for help ing the homeless.筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。There are many stude nts wait ing （ = who are wait ing） to get exam in ed.有许多学生在等待检查。This book， written（= which is written ） in simple English， is suitable for beg
3、inners.本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：The flower-carry ing girl must be wait ing for some one.那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。The n ewly-built build ing is our office buildi ng.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去 分词常作前置修饰语。例如：There are a lot of falle n leaves in autu mn.秋天有许多落叶。The
4、film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。2. 分词作宾语补足语1）跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get, keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make，want， start， no tice， observe， watch， set 等。例如：When they returned hom
5、e from the holiday ， they found their house stolen.当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动）We want this work fini shed quickly.我们要求这项工作很快完成。2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓 关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：There was so much no ise that the speaker could nt make himself heard.由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。Whe
6、n he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woma n.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。3. 分词作状语1) 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。 通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从 句。例如：Confined to bed ( = Because she was confined to bed)， she n eeded to be waited on in everyth ing.她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。(作原因状语)Ha
7、ving only book knowledge( = If you only have book knowledge ) ， you will not beable to work well.如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。(作条件状语)They stood there waiting for the bus. ( =They stood there and waited for the bus.)他们站在那里等公共汽车。(作方式状语)2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个
8、相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强 调，分词前可带连词 when, while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句 子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：Working hard( If you work hard) ， you will succeed.如果你努力，你会成功的。Defeated ( = Though he was defeated)， he remained a popular boxer.虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。4. 分词的独立
9、结构1)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必 须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：The project finished， they had a two weeks leave.完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。He being abse nt， no thi ng could be done.由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。2）独立结构有时也可以用with/ without +名词（或代词的宾语）+分词的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：They sat there silently，（ wi
10、th） their eyes fixedon the lake.他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。With him helping me ， I felt lucky.有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。分词专练从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. He told me about the things at the meeting.A. to discuss B. being discussed C. discussed D. be discussed2. A metal uranium gives off a ki nd of radiati on .A . calling
11、B . called C . is called D . which called3. The water in this glass is too hot . I prefer some cold water.A. to boil B . having boiled C . boiled D . boiling4 . The problem just is an important one .A . to be referred to B . referred to C . referring to D . referred5 . The story was so that all of u
12、s were to tears .A . moving; moving B . moved; moved C . moved; moving D . moving; moved6 . When I entered the theatre, I saw him in the first row .A . sit down B . sat C . seated D . seating7 . I found my daughter quite in drawing.A .interested B . interest C. interesting D . to interest8 .He had h
13、is leg inthe footballmatch yesterday .A .to break B . broke nC .break D .break ing9 . If you have a book in front of your face, you can feel the air against your face .A .moving B . movedC .be movedD . to move10 . With the job, they went to the cinema .A . doing B . do C . to do D . done11. With the
14、 boy the way, the soldiers man aged to walk through the forest .A . to lead B . led C . lead ing D . to be leadi ng12 . Before he came to London, he had n ever heard a sin gle En glish word.A . speak ing B . speak C . spoke n D . to speak13 . The program was so exciting that the children kept their
15、eyes on the screen .A . fixed B . to fix C . to be fixed D . fixing14 . The captain placed the flag over the boy, leaving only his face .A . uncover B . uncovering C . to be uncovered D . uncovered15 . She was very glad to see her child well .A . take care of B . take n care of C . to take care of D . tak ing care of11-15 CCADB 曇逵 Key: 1-5 CBCBD 6-10 CABAD
