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1、Photovoltaic (PV) Array An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. The modules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller systems, an array can consist of a single module. Photovoltaic (PV) Cell The smallest se
2、miconductor element within a PV module to perform the immediate conversion of light into electrical energy (direct current voltage and current). Also called a solar cell. Photovoltaic (PV) Conversion Efficiency The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sun
3、light incident on the device. Photovoltaic (PV) Device A solid-state electrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltage-current characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials in and design of the device. Solar p
4、hotovoltaic devices are made of various semiconductor materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single crystalline, multicrystalline, or amorphous forms. Photovoltaic (PV) Effect The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the particles in a beam of l
5、ight, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. When this property of light is combined with the properties of semiconductors, electrons flow in one direction across a junction, setting up a voltage. With the addition of circuitry, current will flow and electric power will be available.Photo
6、voltaic (PV) Generator The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected. Photovoltaic (PV) Module The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, and protective
7、devices such as diodes intended to generate direct current power under unconcentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate). Photovoltaic (PV) Panel often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in
8、one-module systems), but more accurately used to refer to a physically connected collection of modules (i.e., a laminate string of modules used to achieve a required voltage and current).Photovoltaic (PV) System A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltai
9、c process, including the array and balance of system components. Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) System A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a total energy sys
10、tem. Physical Vapor Deposition A method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate. P-I-N A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device s
11、tructure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; this structure is most often used with amorphous silicon PV devices. Plates A metal plate, usually lead or lead compound, immersed in the electrolyte in a battery.P/N A semiconductor photovolt
12、aic device structure in which the junction is formed between a p-type layer and an n-type layer. Pocket Plate A plate for a battery in which active materials are held in a perforated metal pocket.Point-Contact Cell A high efficiency silicon photovoltaic concentrator cell that employs light trapping
13、techniques and point-diffused contacts on the rear surface for current collection. Polycrystalline See Multicrystalline.Polycrystalline Silicon A material used to make photovoltaic cells, which consist of many crystals unlike single-crystal silicon.Power Conditioning The process of modifying the cha
14、racteristics of electrical power (for e.g., inverting direct current to alternating current). Power Conditioning Equipment Electrical equipment, or power electronics, used to convert power from a photovoltaic array into a form suitable for subsequent use. A collective term for inverter, converter, b
15、attery charge regulator, and blocking diode. Power Conversion Efficiency The ratio of output power to input power of the inverter.Power Density The ratio of the power available from a battery to its mass (W/kg) or volume (W/l). Power Factor (PF) The ratio of actual power being used in a circuit, exp
16、ressed in watts or kilowatts, to the power that is apparently being drawn from a power source, expressed in volt-amperes or kilovolt-amperes. Primary Battery A battery whose initial capacity cannot be restored by charging.Projected Area The net south-facing glazing area projected on a vertical plane. P-Type Semiconductor A semiconductor in which holes carry the current; produced by doping an
