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1、不定式和动名词一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形 （to只是不定式符号，没有意义）1.动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式To learn English well is useful. = Its useful to learn English well. 学好英语是有用的。To protect environment is important for us.= Its important for us to protect environment. 对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。2. I
2、t is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式 Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人时间)4. 常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有： agree 同意, begin 开始, choose 选择, dare 敢, decide 决定, expec
3、t 期望, forget 忘记, hate 憎恨, hope 希望, learn 学会, like 喜欢, love 喜爱, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿, promise保证, refuse 拒绝, remember 记得, start 开始, try 设法, want 想要, wish 希望, would like想要5. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词 + (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。 He felt it hard to
4、 sleep. 他觉得很难入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。6. 下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补助语： want 想要, wish 希望, ask 问, tell 告诉, order 命令, beg 乞求, help 帮助, advise 建议, allow 允许, prepare 准备, call 叫, wait for 等待, invite 邀请 The question is difficul
5、t to answer. 这个问题很难回答The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处 Im glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你She told me to buy a ticket. 她让我去买张票7. help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带toThe teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。He often helps his mother (to)
6、 tidy up the room. 他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。8. 不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。My dream is to be a teacher. 我的梦想是当一名教师。9. 不定式作状语的用法He worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。He is too young to go to school. （表结果）他太小以致不能上学。They were very sad to hear the news. （表原因）听到这个
7、消息他们非常伤心。The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。10. 动词不定式省to的情况A. 一感feel ,二听 hear, listen to ,三使have, let, make, 四看see, watch, look at, noticeB. 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式, 则后接不带 to 的不定式。What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？He does nothing bu
8、t watch TV every day. 他每天除了看电视，什么也不做。I have no choice but accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。 C. would ratherthan, rather than 等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式。 He would go back to his work rather than stay in hospital. I would prefer to stay here rather than go there. D. had better 后不接to 11. 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not The
9、y told us not to play basketball too long. You had better not go to bed late. 12. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成不定式短语。 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didnt know what to do next. How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask. The quest
10、ion is when to get there.二、动名词 （动词+ing）作用相当于名词 1. Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 a washing machine 洗衣机， a reading room 阅览室 2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing） enjoy doing sth, 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事, practice doing sth 练习做某事 finish doing sth 做完某事feel like doing sth
11、想要做某事 keep doing sth 坚持做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 spend(in) doing sth 花费时间做某事have fun doing sth 尽情做某事 have a good time doing sth 做某事很快乐 prefer doing sth to doing sth 与相比更喜欢做某事cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事三、不定式与动名词的比较 1有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可
12、接动名词，意义不变。如： begin 开始, start开始, hate 憎恨, like喜欢, love喜爱 2有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意义差别较大 1）stop doing sth 记得作过某事（某事已做过） stop to so sth记住去做某事（某事还没做） 2）forget doing sth 忘了作过某事（某事已做过） forget to do sth 忘了去做某事（某事还没做） 3）try to do sth 尽力去做某事 try doing sth 试一试，试试看 4）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一动作） go on to do sth 继续去做某事（不
13、同的事） 5）stop doing sth 把某事停下来 stop to do sth停下（手中事）去做另外的事 非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练（ ）1. Mother told her son in the street. A. not play B. to not play C. doesnt play D. not to play( ) 2. His wish was a scientist. A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become( ) 3. Its raining hard. Youd better . A. go out B. not go out C. not to go out D. to not out( ) 4. Do you know washing machine? A. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get( ) 5. The students dont know next. A. how to B. what to do C. what do D. do what( ) 6. Would you mind me how En
