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1、张家口市正博高级中学高二英语语法复习一-定语从句定语从句讲与练一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ）Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫
2、定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的”三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Cla
3、ss One. 分析：关系词who 在从句中作主语。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：关系词_在从句中作_。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like
4、 talking to. 分析：关系词_在从句中作_。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代
5、替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.分析：关系词_在从句中作_He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。We live in a ho
6、use whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _ 4
7、which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：关系词_在从句中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：关系词_ 在从
8、句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。5that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to vi
9、sit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / comes after spring is summer. Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australi
10、a. (二) 关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at which代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学 校的那一天。 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was
11、founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。The house where
12、I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。Is this the place where they fought against the enemy? 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。注意：当先行词是situation, occasion, point, case时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed He has rea
