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1、胡壮麟语言学教程（修订版）学习指导、几 前言其实我的这一个语言学学习指导系列本来没有想做得这么大的，最初只是我买了一本语 言学教程的辅导资料，发现里面有的名词解释总结得很不错，所以就想整理一下各章的名词 解释。后来觉得既然是整理，光整理名词解释，还不如对知识点做一个较全面的学习指导材 料。结果就此一发而不可收，终于形成了现在的这一整套资料。不明白是什么的朋友们可以 参考考研论坛外语版的相关帖子。本资料主要分为三部分，第一部分为各章节提纲笔记，第二部分为重点章节测试题，第 三部分为测试题参考答案。整理这一套资料真得很劳心费力，希望能够对大家有所帮助。在考研论坛上，我所有的 相关资料都设置了阅读权
2、限和K币，一个是为了防止盗用，但更重要的不是为了限制什么, 只是希望大家在能够很容易得到资料的同时，也能够想到要付出一些，将来考上研了以后能 够回到这里，与后来的研友们分享一些所能够得到的信息，资源共享，信息交流，这才是考 研论坛的本意。也希望大家在以后复习语言学的时候，能够想到冰暖茶在这门课程上作的小 小的努力，如果大家都能成功，我的努力就是值得的。需要说明的是，我在整理资料的过程中，得到了 ksguobw, lxm1000w, micronannan, 天使 精灵（排名不分先后）等朋友的资源共享和大力协助，在此对他们以及一贯支持冰暖茶的朋 友们表示感谢！由于水平有限，加之时间仓促，疏漏之处
3、在所难免，欢迎各位读者批评指正。 冰暖茶 2006 年 11月目录 前言1目录3第一部分 各章节提纲笔记4Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics4Chapter 2 Speech Sounds8Chapter 3 Lexicon14Chapter 4 Syntax21Chapter 5 Meaning 26Chapter 6 Language Processing in Mind29Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Society35 Chapter 8 Language inUse 38Chapter 9 Language an
4、dLiterature 44Chapter 10 Language and Computer49Chapter 11 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching53Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics59第二部分 重点章节测试题67TestOneInvitationstoLinguistics 67Test Two Phonetics and Phonology70Test Three Morphology 73TestFourSyntax 76Test Five Semantics7
5、9TestSixPragmatics 82TestSevenLanguage,CultureandSociety 85Test Eight Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics88第三部分 测试题参考答案91 参考书目100第一部分 各章节提纲笔记Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics1.1 Why study language?1. Language is very essential to human beings.2. In language there are many things we should
6、know.3. For further understanding, we need to study language scientifically.1.2 What is language?Language is a means of verbal communication. It is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.1.3 Design features of languageThe features that define our human languages can be call
7、ed design features which can distinguish human language from any animal system of communication.1.3.1 ArbitrarinessArbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meanings.1.3.2 DualityDuality refers to the property of having two levels of st
8、ructures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.1.3.3 CreativityCreativity means that language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. Recursiveness refers to the rul
9、e which can be applied repeatedly without any definite limit. The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis for the possibility of creating endless sentences.1.3.4 DisplacementDisplacement means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which a
10、re not present (in time and space) at the moment of conversation.1.4 Origin of language1. The bow-wow theoryIn primitive times people imitated the sounds of the animal calls in the wild environment they lived and speech developed from that.2. The pooh-pooh theoryIn the hard life of our primitive anc
11、estors, they utter instinctive sounds of pains, anger and joy which gradually developed into language.3. The “yo-he-ho” theoryAs primitive people worked together, they produced some rhythmic grunts which gradually developed into chants and then into language.1.5 Functions of languageAs is proposed b
12、y Jacobson, language has six functions:1. Referential: to convey message and information;2. Poetic: to indulge in language for its own sake;3. Emotive: to express attitudes, feelings and emotions;4. Conative: to persuade and influence others through commands and entreaties;5. Phatic: to establish co
13、mmunion with others;6. Metalingual: to clear up intentions, words and meanings.Halliday (1994) proposes a theory of metafunctions of language. It means that language has three metafunctions:1. Ideational function: to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer;2. I
14、nterpersonal function: embodying all use of language to express social and personal relationships;3. Textual function: referring to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken and written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a ra
15、ndom list of sentences.According to Hu Zhuanglin, language has at least seven functions:1.5.1 InformativeThe informative function means language is the instrument of thought and people often use it to communicate new information.1.5.2 Interpersonal functionThe interpersonal function means people can use language to establish and maintain their status in a society.1.5.3 PerformativeThe
