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1、Possible ways to express hypothetical/non-factual meaningI 将来假设 subjunctive future）1. If + Present Tense ., S + will/shall + V .结构：If+现在式，S +未来式.说明：if分句用现在式，表示须具备的条件，主句用未来式表示可能的结果，整句含意为“如 果，那么。will用于所有的人称，在I和we之后可用shall代替will。若主句 的主语为I或we时，可以用shall代替will。像if necessary（如果需要）,if possible（如果可能），if so（如
2、果这样）等固定词组实际上是省略了的if分句。If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad.If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.If it rains, we will stay at home.If the weather clears, well go for a walk.If the weather doesnt clear, we wont go for a 如果我失业了，我就出国。 如果我头痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。 如果下雨，我们将待在家里。 如果天晴，我们就去散步。如果天不晴，我们就不去散步。
3、Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样，物价就会上涨。If possible, she wants to go with us. 可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。 Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.英国货币可能贬值，如果果真如此，利率就会上升2.If + Present Tense ., S + Modal Verb .结构： If + 现在式，主语情态助动词说明：本句型实为lf + Pre
4、sent TenseS + will/shall + V .句型之变体。之所以用情态助动词，主要是因为说话者对可能的结果不是太肯定或者是想表达例如“必 要”等之意。Iwe can go out. we could go out. we may go out. we might go out. we should go out. we ought to go out. we must go out.如果明天天气好，我门可以出门。 如果明天天气好，我门能够出门。 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。 如果明天
5、天气好，我门必须出门。3. If I should ., Imperative Sentence.结构： If Ishould .祈使语气说明：vlf + should + V代替vif +现在式，增加了条件的不确定性。本句型常用在想礼貌地提出要求或建议，或者想圆通地告诉他人该做什么事的场合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示条件。这种用法比较正式，常用于诸如公函之中，而不用于日常会话。 If you should see him, please give him my regards.如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。Should you see him, please give
6、him my regards.如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。 Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。 If you should write to her, send her my love.如果你给她写信，请代我向她问候。Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us k
7、now你若不希望我们的代理人去造访，请告之。 Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us. 你若对我们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联系。4. If I should ., I will .结构：If.should., .would （will）/ should （shall ）等 +原形动词说明：这是表示“与未来事实相反”的假设句型，if 分句要用助动词 should，译成“万”。should可置于主语前，将if省略。主要分句的助动词则视可能性做变化： 若可能性低，则为过去式，若可能性高，则为现在式。should可以提前，而将if
8、省万一他来，我会把真相告诉他。 万一他来，我一定会把真相告诉他。 要是那男孩在来，我就把他撵出去。 万一下雨，我们的计划就泡汤了。假如那是真的，合约就该取消。略。If he should come, I would tell him the truth.If he should come, I will tell him the truth.Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled.Should that be true, the contract
9、 would be canceled.Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings? 万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？5. If I were to ., I .结构：If.were to., .would/ should 等 + 原形动词说明：这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设句型，与“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to.” 所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“与真理相反”的假设语气。If the sun were to rise in the west, h
10、e would pass the exam.要是太阳从西边出来,他就会通过考试他不可能通过考试If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次,我想当一回鸟。 If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?万一太阳消失了,地球会变成什么样子？Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do? 万一明天我死了,我的孩子们将怎么办呢？6. Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Ma
11、in Clause结构：祈使句连接词主句说明： 祈使句表示须具备的条件，主句表示可能的结果。祈使句代替 if 分句进行评说 提出要求，订立协议，提供建议或威胁等。祈使句的用法比 if 分句表示的更为紧 迫。Provide the materials and well do the job.提供材料,我们就做这活。Stop shouting or youll wake up the neighbors.不要喊了,否则你会把邻居吵醒的。Put that down or else Ill smack you.把它放下,不然我就揍你。Be there on time, otherwise youll
12、create a bad impressio.要准时来，否则你会给人一个坏的印象。Fail to pay and theyll cut off the electricity.你(如果)不付款,他们就要断电Stop eating sweets or you wont get any dinner.你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃饭。Persevere and youll succeed.坚持, 你就成功。7. As/So long as .结构： As/So long as 分句， SV .说明：此句型意为“如果；只要”。As/So long as引导一个条件假设句，其功能相当于if。 So (A
13、s) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave.如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。 You may eat anything, so long as you dorft eat too much.只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何东西。 As long as I live, I will help you.只要我活着，我都会帮助你。As lon
14、g as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。Well ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer. 只要有船，我们就尽早装货。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around.如果你们成天游手好闲，就永远也成不了好学生。结构：Provided/ providing (that) + 分句，S+V .说明：此句型意为如果”。Provid
15、ed/Providing (that)引导假设条件句，其功能相当于if。Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没有反对意见的话，会就开到此为止。9. Suppose/Supposing (that) .结构：Suppose/Supposing (that) + 分句，S+V .说明：此句型意为如果，假使。Suppose/Supposing (that)引导假设条件句，其 功能相当于if。Suppose/ Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? 如果我们误了火车，我们将怎么办？10. What if/Say .结构：What if/Say+分句，S+V .说明：此句型意为“假设”。What if和Say用来引导
