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1、SPS、TBT协定与WTO及CAC的关系 1995年1月WTO正式成立，是有关谈判贸易自由化协议及解决各国间贸易问题的重要国际组织。SPS、TBT协定是WTO规定食品贸易中必须遵守的两项协定，SPS、TBT协定都明确指出了CAC法典标准在国际食品贸易中的重要作用，将CAC法典标准作为解决国际贸易争端、协调各国食品卫生标准的依据。WTO的SPS、TBT协定已经实施，各成员国必须符合它们的要求，包括遵守CAC的食品标准。 SPS协定主要目标是在世贸组织所有会员国保护人类和动物健康以及植物卫生状况。TBT协定涉及SPS协定不包括的所有技术要求和标准，例如标签，与SPS协定互为补充，TBT、SPS协定
2、被视为促进CAC目标即在世界范围内协调食品标准的一个强有利的工具。 发展中国家受益于SPS协定，遵守SPS协定提供了一个机会，可以在国际或双边合作组织提供的援助下，改善国家食品安全规划，这将促成对国内消费者健康的更充分保护并能提高出口产品在世界市场上的信誉，如果发展中的出口国家遵守TBT、SPS协定，它们受到出口国任意限制的情况就会减少。 Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS)Members,各成员：Reaffirming that no Member should be prevente
3、d from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, subject to the requirement that these measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between Members where the same conditions prevail o
4、r a disguised restriction on international trade;重申不应阻止各成员采纳或实施为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必须的措施。只要这些措施的实施方式，不在情形相同的成员之间构成任意或不合理的歧视，或对国际贸易构成变相的限制；Desiring to improve the human health, animal health and phytosanitary situation in all Members;期望改善各成员的人民健康、动物健康和植物卫生状况；Noting that sanitary and phytosanitary measu
5、res are often applied on the basis of bilateral agreements or protocols;注意到动植物卫生检疫措施通常以双边协议或议定书为基础实施；Desiring the establishment of a multilateral framework of rules and disciplines to guide the development, adoption and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to minimize their ne
6、gative effects on trade;期望建立规则和纪律的多边框架，以指导动植物卫生检疫措施的制定、采用和实施，从而使其对贸易的消极作用降到最小；Recognizing the important contribution that international standards, guidelines and recommendations can make in this regard;承认国际标准、准则和建议可以在该领域能作出重大贡献；Desiring to further the use of harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary mea
7、sures between Members, on the basis of international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed by the relevant international organizations, including the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the relevant international and regional organizations operati
8、ng within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, without requiring Members to change their appropriate level of protection of human, animal or plant life or health;期望进一步推动各成员使用以有关国际组织所制定的国际标准、准则和建议为基础的统一的动植物卫生检疫措施，这些国际组织包括国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织；但不要求各成员改变其
9、合理的保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的水平；Recognizing that developing country Members may encounter special difficulties in complying with the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of importing Members, and as a consequence in access to markets, and also in the formulation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary mea
10、sures in their own territories, and desiring to assist them in their endeavours in this regard;承认发展中国家成员在遵守进口成员的动植物卫生检疫措施方面可能遇到特殊的困难，进而在市场准入以及在其制定和实施国内动植物卫生检疫措施方面也会遇到困难，期望在这方面给予他们帮助；Desiring therefore to elaborate rules for the application of the provisions of GATT1994 which relate to the use of san
11、itary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of ArticleXX(b);(1)期望因此对如何实施1994年关贸总协定中与动植物卫生检疫措施有关的条款，特别是第二十条（b）款的实施制定具体规则；Hereby agree as follows: 协议如下： Article 1: General Provisions第一条 总则 1.This Agreement applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures which may, directly or indi
12、rectly, affect international trade. Such measures shall be developed and applied in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.1本协议适用于所有可能直接或间接影响国际贸易的动植物卫生检疫措施，这类措施应按照本协议的条款来制定和实施。2.For the purposes of this Agreement, the definitions provided in AnnexA shall apply.2为本协议之目的，附件1中规定的定义都适用。3.The a
13、nnexes are an integral part of this Agreement.3各附件是本协议的不可分割的组成部分。4.Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights of Members under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade with respect to measures not within the scope of this Agreement.4对不在本协议范围之内的措施，本协议不应影响各成员在技术性贸易壁垒协议项下所享有的权利。Article 2: Ba
14、sic Rights and Obligations 第二条 基本权利和义务 1.Members have the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.1各成员有权采取为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的动植物卫生
15、检疫措施，但这类措施不应违背本协议的规定。2.Members shall ensure that any sanitary or phytosanitary measure is applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, is based on scientific principles and is not maintained without sufficient scientific evidence, except as provided for in p
16、aragraph 7 of Article5.2各成员应确保任何动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不超过为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的程度，并以科学原理为依据，如无充分的科学依据则不再实施，但第五条第7款规定的除外。3.Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between Members where identical or similar conditions prevail, including between their own territory and that of other
