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1、助动词所谓助动词，是和本动词合在一起，用来表现时态，语态，语气的动词，除此之外，助动词也能用来表示疑问，否定，强调等意思 。一：助动词的特点1. 其后须接原形动词例句：He can speak English ( r ) He can speaks English ( w )2 现在式中主语为第三人称单数，字尾不加sHe cans speak English (w)3. 形成否定句时，在助动词后加not例句：He can not speak English( r ) He doesns can speak English ( w )4. 形成疑问句时，将助动词放在主语前。Can he spea
2、k English ?( r )Does he can speak English ( w )5 两个动词不能连用You will can swim soon ( w )二，助动词的用法1.can(could)can 是用来表示能力，许可，可能的助动词，而could是can的过去式A：表（能力）（=be able to）1. He can speak Japanese,but he cannot write it (他会说日语，但不会写)2. She tried to tie the rope , but she couldnt （她设法绑这条绳子，结果绑不起来）B：表 （可能）1. It c
3、an not be true (那不可能是真的)2. A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble (口角有时候可能发生问题)C表（许可）1. You can come in if you have a ticket( 如果你有门票就可以进来)2. I am afraid you can not park your car here (恐怕你不可以把车停在这里)3. Can I leave early because I am not well doday?(因为我今天不舒服，我可以早点离开吗？)ertainly（可以）：表（请求）1. Can you do me
4、 a favor ?(你能帮我吗？注意：Could you do me a favor ?是更客气的说法。一般来说，针对自己的行为会用 Can I .?而针对对方的行为则用 Could you ?2. Could you repeat your cell phone number ,please ?(请你重复一遍你的手机号码好吗？)2.May (might )A: 表（许可）1. You may not chew gum in class(你不可以在课堂上嚼口香糖。)2. May I interrupt you ?-Sure (我可以打扰你一下吗？-好的。)B表 （可能）1. You may
5、bi right but I am against your opinion(你可能是对的，但是我还是反对你的意见)2. His health may or may not turn for the better （他的健康状况可能会好转，也可能会恶化）注意; might 可用于现在或过去式。其所表示的可能性较may低C 表(祈愿)1May I never seee a sight like that again !(愿我不再看到那样的景色)2.May you succeed (祝你成功) 3.Must A 表（务必，命令）1.You must return this book by next
6、 Tuesday .(下周二前你必须归还这本书)2. You must not talk with your mouth full （你不可以在嘴巴有东西时说话）注意 ; must （必须） must not （ 不可以）3. Must I really attend the meeting ?(我真的必须参加那个会议吗？)-Yes , you must (是的，你必须)No , you need not (不，你不需要)No，you do not have to (不，你不必)重点： must = have to（必须）。但must只能用于现在式，其过去式用had to，未来式用will h
7、ave to， 完成式用have had to 代替。1.I had to go to see the doctor because I caught a cold (因为我感冒了，我必须去看医生)2. You will have to replace this light bulb （你将必须更换这个灯泡）3. We have had to stay here because it it raining (我们必须一直呆在这里，因为外面正下着大雨)注意; 口语中，常用have got to 代替 have to1. You have got to be more patient , Mary
8、 .(Mary 你必须更有耐心)B： 1.You must be kidding 。(你一定是在开玩笑)注意;表推测是的must，其否定用 cannot 代替。1. Sheis very young ,She cannot by over twenty (她非常年轻，她不可能会超过二十岁)C 表（必须）1.All men must die (人一定会死)4.Will Will 除表示（未来）之外，还有下列用法A 表（现在的推测）1.Mom will be downstairs now.(妈妈现在应该在楼下吧。)2.That will be his house (那应该是他家吧！)B; 表（表主
9、语强烈的意志，固执）1. The window will not open (窗户怎么也打不开)2. He will insist on his right (他要坚持他的权力)C；表（习惯，倾向）1 Accidents will happen.(事故总是会发生)2A drowning man will catch at a straw .(溺水者攀草求援)D：表（请求，劝诱）1. Will you bring me a ladder ?(麻烦你那个楼梯给我好吗？)2. Will you have one more coffee ？（你要不要再来杯咖啡？）5.Would Would 是will
10、的过去式，但其有独特的用法。A 表（客气的请求）1.Would you mind if I sit next to you ?2.Would you call me back later ?(请你稍后再打给我好吗？)B：表（过去的习惯）常伴随着sometimes often 等频率副词。1. Before they hadtelevision , people would listen to the radio（在有电视剧前，人们习惯于听收音机）2. Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop .(Susan 以前经常和我们在这家咖啡馆
11、聊天)C 表（过去的意志）1 You would not eat carrots when you were a boy (你小时候不肯吃胡萝卜)6 Should A 表（义务）1.You should exercise more and eat less(你应该多运动，少吃东西)2 The government should spend more money on education (政府应该多花点钱在教育上)B 表（推测）1.Our guests should be here within an hour （ 我们的客人应该在一小时内会到吧）2. I sent you e-mail ye
12、sterday ,so you should know abouttheinvitation ,( 我昨天寄电子邮件给你，所以你应该知道邀请函的事吧。)C 表（强烈的好奇）1.Who should make such a foolish mistake ?(谁会犯如此愚蠢的错误呢？)2. How should I know it ?( 我为什么应该知道那件事呢？)Ought to (应该) 语气较should 强，在口语中常用。1. My bicycle ought to be here because I left it just besidethe telegraph pole .(我的脚踏车应该在这里，因为我就把它停在电线杆旁。)2. You oughtnt (to ) do so .（你不应该这么做）3. Ought we (to ) tell him about it (我们应该告诉他那件事吗?)注意：美式口语中，to常省略。4.
