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1、Unit One1. 在许多国家，开始寒暄几句是商务拜访的习俗。但观察家发现，这个习俗在美国却不受欢迎。美国人在生意场上很少进行礼节性交往，他们不会在轻松的环境里悠闲地谈生意，也不会通过打高尔夫球来增进彼此的信任感，他们一般通过工作而不是社交方式来评估了解他人。这是因为美国人深感人生的短暂，他们深深懂得，光阴一去不复返。因此他们会仔细规划时间，尽量让每分钟都过得有意义。Making opening exchanges is the convention of the business call in many countries. But observers find it not welco
2、med in the States. Americans seldom conduct ritual interaction in business, they dont have leisurely business chat in relaxed surroundings, neither do they play golf to develop a sense of trust. They generally probe and assess their visitors professionally rather than socially. This is because Ameri
3、cans have an acute sense of shortness of lifetime, they know very well time cant be replaced. Consequently, they carefully budget time and want every minute to count. 2. 时间总是在美国人心中的耳朵里滴滴答答的响着。在商店里，他们会焦躁不安地用手肘推搡别人以便迅速购物；在路上，他们会突然加速，设法超过别人。他们还发明了很多省时省力的装置，如传真、电子邮件、卫星通讯设备等。美国人很喜欢电子交流，即使手头上的事情很重要，他们也不太会
4、选择直接接触的交流方式。在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题、完成工作被视为有水平、有能力的标志。Time is always ticking in Americans inner ear. In the shop, they may restlessly elbow others to complete their shopping quickly; on the road, they may abruptly speed up, trying to go ahead of others; they also produce many time-saving devices, such as f
5、axes, emails, and satellite communication equipment. Americans like electronic communication, even when the matter at hand is of great significance, they seldom choose to communicate in person. In the U.S., its taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solvea problem, or fulfill a job su
6、ccessfully, with speed.3. 在国外学习需经历文化冲突。在蜜月期，人们发现了迷人的东西和令人向往的快乐，非常兴奋。尽管如此，由于准则、价值观和传统不同，他们的观念很快会与新的文化发生冲突，进入敌对阶段。当人们感到苦恼，常会想出某种保护性方法来应付这种感受。切记不要自我隔绝，不要躲避与当地人交流。显然，如果他不适应新的文化，就会被它所抛弃。当人们意识到文化冲突时，他已步入了“恢复”期，开始逐步理解所有新事物，这对他是有利有助的，敌意症状消失了，并开始接受文化的差别，进入了“适应阶段”。People will undergo culture shock when studyi
7、ng abroad. At honeymoon stage, they discover fascinating things and desirable fun and are full of excitement. In spite of this, their view will soon clash with the new culture due to their different norms, values and traditions, theyre at “hostility” stage. When people feel distressed, theyd devise
8、some defense mechanism to cope with this feeling. Remember not to isolate yourself and avoid communicating with the local people. Evidently, if he doesnt adjust to the new culture, hell be rejected by it. When his recognition of culture shock begins, hes at “recovery” stage, developing comprehension
9、 of everything new, which is favorable and helpful to him. The symptom of hostility disappears, he begins to accept the distinctions of cultures and enters “adjustment” stage.Unit Three1. 经过三年的相处,我和彼得达成了相互信任和尊重。我们对彼此的性格都显示出容忍和妥协。但是，我们准备结婚的时候，遭到了母亲的反对，她对彼得的家庭背景有偏见并且说我心里都是幻想，忽略了我们之间的差异。建议我取消我们的计划。我希望妈
10、妈多了解他，彼得是一个有魅力的人。在接下来的日子里，妈妈发现所有的迹象证实了我的说法。终于同意了我们的结婚计划。During our three years together Peter and I developed mutual trust and respect . We showed tolerance and compromise to each others characters. But we met with my mothers resistance when we decided to get married. She had prejudice to Peters fam
11、ily background. She said I was filled with illusions and overlooked our differences. She counseled me to cancel our wedding plans. I asked mother to try to under-stand him so that she may find him a charming guy. In the subsequent days, mother came to find that all the indications confirmed what I s
12、aid. She said yes to our plans finally. 2. 我的男朋友的脸上一大片雀斑当他第一次拜访我的家人时，母亲从头到脚打量他。我努力设想母亲会怎样批评他。我母亲开始用家乡方言批评我那无辜的男朋友。我不得不为他辩解。吃饭的时候，母亲拿起筷子就是提示我们开始用餐，并称赞她的厨艺。我的男朋友不够圆滑，竟然批评我母亲的厨艺并在菜里加了调料。在我妈妈眼里他真是一败涂地了。但是，在回去的路上，我男朋友竟然还很谦虚地说：“我觉得情况还不错。”My boy friend has a splash of spots across his face. When he first v
13、isited my family, my mother surveyed him from head to toe. I tried to anticipate what criticisms she would have. My mother began to criticize my innocent boyfriend in her hometown dialect. I was compelled to defend on his behalf. During dinner, when my mother took her chopsticks, its our cue to eat
14、and praise her cooking. But my boyfriend was not diplomatic as to criticize my mothers cooking and poured some soy sauce on the dish. He had failed miserably in her eyes. On the way home, my boyfriend said modestly,” Well, I think we hit it off A-OK.”Unit Four 1. 现在很少有人自愿给那些困境中的人帮助，带给他们温暖。我们也感受到了我们和
15、他们的紧密联系；他们困难也牵动着我们的心；我们也很清楚当我们拒绝他们需要帮助的要求，他们会难受，而我们自己的心一模一样地难受，就好像心被压成一个小小的水泥球一样。但是，只要我们禁不住想象万一他们是职业乞丐，利用我们的好心，我们就会坚持拒绝向他们表示我们的友好。现在的问题是，我们在帮助人的时候，关注的应该是我们自己还是受帮助的人的感受呢？Few people today would volunteer to help those in trouble and bring warmth to them. We feel the close connection with them; their a
16、wkward trouble fills a special place in our life; we know well how bad they would feel when we decline their request, and that we would feel identically bad as if our hearts would be compressed into a small cement ball. However, we insist forbidding ourselves from showing our kindness to them, as long as we uncontrollably imagine that what if they are professional beggars to cheat. Now the question is when we are offering our h
