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1、最全情态动词归纳和总结一：什么是情态动词？情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 二：情态动词的特点1) 有一定词义；2) 不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3) 与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除 ought to 作固定词组看待)。三：情态动词的基本用法1. can (could)1) 表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more tha n one.两只眼上匕只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学 前能 识字吗？2) 表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上) 。The
2、 temperature can fall to -60 C , that is 60 C below freezing.气温可降至一 60C,也就是零下60C。He can t ( couldn t) have enough money for a new car. 他 不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood.You could start a fire.在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3) 表小允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新
3、 钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4) 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑 问句或感 叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to?他们会去哪儿了 呢？He ca n t (could n t) be over sixty .他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless?你怎么这么粗心？5) 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand?帮我
4、一把好吗？I m afraid we couldn t give you an answer today. 恐怕我 们今 天不能给你答复。2. may (might)1) 表允许， might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间， 语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以 在房间里抽烟May （Might） I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张 你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而
5、用其 它方式，女口 Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please don t ./ You d better not. / No, you mustn t.等，以免 显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在 时间， 但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home 他可能在家。She may not know about it她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担儿、他 Cl可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but
6、 I m not sure. 他们有 可 能在开会，不过我不肯定。3. must1）表示义务。意为 必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序 渐进 地做。You must n t talk to her like that .你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我们现在就 要 交练习本吗？-No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to.不必。（这种 情况 下，一般不用 mustn t）2）表示揣测。意为 想必、准是、一定”
7、等，只用于肯定 句。He must be ill. He looks so pale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍 白。She s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？2） 表说话人的意愿，有命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意
8、 思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say.按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到 I 我的 答 复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔 的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不 能阻 止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事
9、。None is so blind as those who won t see.不愿看的人眼最 瞎。If you will read the book, I ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读 这本 书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关 上好 吗？有点冷。Won t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water .鱼离开水就不能活。The door won t
10、 open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic goby.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过6. should、J f1）表义务。意为 应该”某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers你对老师应该有礼 貌。You shouldn t waste any time 你不应该浪费时间。、J f2）表推测，意为想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starri
11、ng first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now照说他们现在应当已经到 家了。7. would1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他 们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任 何 事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind
12、cleaning the window? 请才巴窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldn t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么 反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to1）表义务，意为 应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比 should 稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管
13、他。You oughtn t to smoke so much 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.韩梅该知道 他的电话号码。There s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今 天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑 问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the cit
14、y.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usedn t (didn t use) to smoke 我过去不抽烟。Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常 步行去学校吗？四:need和dare的用法need 和 dare 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用 作情态 动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。1) :用作情
15、态动词-Need I come? -Yes, you must.-我需要来吗？-需要。You needn t telephone him now 你现在不必打电话给他。I don t think you need worry 我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night她晚上不敢一个人出 去。How dare you say I m unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件 事。2) :.用作实义动词You don t need to do it yourself 你不必亲自做这件事。We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他 们。The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一 下。We should dare to give our own opini
