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1、2014年培训课件免费下载链接：http:/ 密码：qdug第八篇 What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about thestrange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that thisnighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an importantpart of our lives. In fact, ma
2、ny experts believe that dreams can tell us abouta persons mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought thatdreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century thatpeople started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was proba
3、bly the first person tostudy dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are anexpression of a persons wishes. He believed that dreams allow people toexpress the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express inreal life.The
4、Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 wasonce a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose ofa dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people couldlearn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, peoplewho d
5、ream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion ofthemselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learnthat they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to developtheories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the
6、University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life,thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connectionbetween dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as muchas adu
7、lts. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time todevelop.He has also found a link between dreams andgender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. Forexample, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams ofteninvolve fighting. This is
8、 not true of womens dreams.3 Domhoff found thisgender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world,including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves?Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways.However, one thing the
9、y agree on this: If you dream that something terrible isgoing to occur, you shouldnt panic. The dream may have meaning, but it doesnot mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Its important toremember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist/ sakldst / n心理学家psych
10、iatrist/sai kaitrst/ n精神病学家(医生)Austrian/ strn / adj奥地利的gender/ dend / n性别注释：1Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（18561939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有性学三论梦的释义图腾与禁忌日常生活的心理病理学精神分析引论精神分析引论新编等。2Carl Jung：卡尔荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。3For example, the people in mensdreams are often
11、other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is nottrue of womens dreams.例如，男人做梦会梦到男人，并且常与打斗有关；女人做梦与男人则不同。练习：1Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talkabout.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Ju
12、ng believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dreamas adults do.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Men and wome
13、n dream about different things.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案与题解1A这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感。2A第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧。此句与本叙述一致。3B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the pur
14、pose of a dream was to communicate amessage to the dreamer.（荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinkingabout their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。4C文中没有提及。5A依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提高的技能。这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的能力。6A本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。7B最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因而不能预测未来。第十篇 How Deafness Makes
