《SAT专项练习分词语病.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SAT专项练习分词语病.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 苏州北雅 http:/ SAT专项练习分词语病SAT考试中Error Correction以及Sentence Improvement部分出现的分词悬垂结构-从looking up at the sky, the moon shone bright and clear之误，看分词等的悬垂结构分词短语相当于定语从句，其逻辑主语就是句子主句的主语。例如：Looking up at the sky, she saw the moon shine bright and clear.此句主语： she,因此Looking up at the sky= As she looked up at the s
2、ky,可以说这个分词短语的逻辑主语是主句主语she。如果一个分词短语不是句子主语，这个结构就是悬垂结构（独立结构及generally speaking等除外）。例如：Looking up at the sky, the moon shone bright and clear。显然，从句的主语the moon 不可能是分词短语Looking up at the sky 的逻辑主语，故该分词短衣也就悬垂无依附了。再举一个SAT真题中的例子：Not filling out the forms carefully, there was a two-week delay in processing hi
3、s paycheck.(0910,Section 6 Q4)(A)Not filling out the forms carefully(B)The forms, not filled out carefully(C)Not carefully filling out the forms,(D)Because he had not filled out the forms carefully(E)By him not being careful while filing out he forms同理，filling的逻辑主语应该是he，可是在主句中的主语是a two-week delay，显然
4、不能发出fill的动作，因此构成了not filling out这个结构没有依附的悬垂在主句的前面。悬垂结构是应该避免的错句，归纳起来SAT考试中一共有下面几类悬垂的病句。1. 悬垂致病的分词结构。Walking along the lake, the country scenery presented a lovely show.Sitting at the window, a flock of birds flew across the sky.上两句中，walking 和sitting 的逻辑主语是人，而主句的主语都是物（the country scenery 和a flock of b
5、irds） 可以用如下两种方法改正：（1） 把分词短语扩展成状语从句，主句结构不变。例如：As we walked along the lake, the country scenery presented a lovely show.As the cowboy sat at the window, a flock of birds flew across the sky.上述SAT考题中的(D）选项采用的改正方法正式分词变成状语从句的形式。因此正确的答案是（D）（2） 保留分词短语，改变主句的主语，使之能成为分词短语的逻辑主语，并做其他相应变化。Walking along the lake,
6、 we saw a lovely show presented by the country scenery. Sitting at the window, the cowboy saw a flock of birds flying across the sky. 再举一个同年同月同一个section的 SAT考试sentence improvement的例子：Frustrated with the lack of fashionable clothing at decent prices in most retail stores, a new discount store was ope
7、ned on Main Street by a local clothing designer.(A) stores, a new discount store was opened on Main Street by a local clothing designer.(B) stores, it was on Main Street that a local clothing designer opened a new discount store.(C) stores, a local clothing designer opened a new discount store on Ma
8、in Street.(D) stores; on Main street a local clothing designer opened a new discount store.(E) stores led a local clothing designer to open a new discount store on Main Street.由于frustrated这个动词的逻辑主语是人（a clothing designer）, 因此，选项C）将 a local clothing designer 作为主句的主语，是正确的选项，使用的方法即将主句的主语换成分词短语的逻辑主语。同年同月
9、同一个section的第10题；18题；21题也是相同的考点。此外1001 section6 Q5；1005 section 6 Q10；1005 section 10 Q1；1005 section 10 Q6；1010 Section 5 Q 9;1010 section 10 Q3&Q10&Q13;1205 section 6 Q6；2. 悬垂致病的动名词结构动名词结构同介词构成动名词短语，其逻辑主语也是句子主语。例如：By building a railway there, coal can be carried out from the mountains.From attendin
10、g the class, the principles of physics were made clear.主语coal不能建造一个铁路，故不能充当build 的主语，在情理上，句子的主语the principles of physics是不能充当attending的主语的。改正悬垂动名词有两个方法：一是改变句子结构，使句子主语能成为动名词的逻辑主语，二是在动名词前加上代词或名词的属格，使动名词有自己的逻辑主语。上面两句可以改为：By building a railway there, people can carry coal out from the mountains.From our
11、 attending the class, the principles of physics were made clear.（1001 section6 Q11）：By painting them this afternoon, the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.(A) By painting them(B)If they would have been painted(C)Were they to be painted(D)After painting them(E)They would be painted选择C
12、选项的理由是painting这个动作是由人发出的，而句子的主语是the walls，不能做painting这个动作的逻辑主语，再加上表达虚拟时，可以把原来If they were to be painted去掉if 把were 提前，变成were they to be painted（对将来的虚拟）,所以我们选择C喧嚣。除此之外，1005 section 10 Q12;1205 section 10 Q7&Q13等也出现了类似的介词加分词但是分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的情况。3. 悬垂致病的不定式结构不定式短语常放在句首，做目的状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就为语病。To spea
13、k English well, a lot of practice is needed.To admit fresh air, the windows were all wide open.A lot of practice 在逻辑上不恩能够成为to speak English的主语，同样，the windows 也不会有目的地admit fresh air。可以通过语态等的变化避免这类悬垂病句。上面两句可改为：To speak English well, we need a lot of practice.To admit fresh air, the boy opened all the
14、windows.4. 悬垂致病的从句结构如果时间条件等状语从句的主语不是主句的主语或宾语，从句的主语和相关的动词不可省略，否则就荡然无首，句子不合情理。例如：While reading the book, the door bell rang.Though troubled by heavy family cares, the work was done as well as ever.Reading the book的主语显然不能使the door bell， 而work也不会troubled, 可以改变主句的主语或者给从句不上适当的主谓结构。上面两句可以改为：While she was r
15、eading the book, the door bell rang.Though he was troubled by heavy family cares, the work was done as well as ever.类似的SAT题目包括1010 Section 5 Q 6;1205 Section 10 Q2&Q45. 悬垂但不致病的分词及分词短语有些单个分词或分词短语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语，但已成为习惯用语或在词性上已经转化为别类词（如介词），被认为是正确用法，主要有如下几种情况。（1） 单个现在分词（已经转化为介词）如Considering .; Referring to;Regarding;Respecting; touching; including barring(除了)；following（在后）；beginning；（从开始）；wanting（没有）；failing（没有）；pending在之前；notwithstanding尽管，excepting除了；（注意的是supposing 一词可做分词也可作连词表示万一。）（2） 分词短语如acc
