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1、名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句)六 大基本句型1 主系表句型 be (连系动词 do )2、主谓宾 do(vt)3、主谓 do(vi) (不及物动词)4、主谓宾补do(vt)5、主谓宾宾-do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。6、There be (不及物动词do)be (不及物动词)宾语从句定义：在主谓宾句型的宾语的位置上把做为名词的宾语扩展成一个 be 句型或者 do 句型。可以用下列公式进行表示：主语+谓语+从句。宾语从句的连词 that ,whether(or not)或 if;which(whichever), who(whoever)，whom(whomever) ，wh
2、ose(whosever)，what(whatever); when(whenever)，where(wherever)， why，how(however); how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon宾语从句的形式：1、主谓宾句型的宾语从句:作为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。He knows the newsHe knows that the teacher is in classroom2、主谓宾宾-do(vt)句型的宾语从句，把直接宾语变为一个be或do句型。He tells me the newsHe tells the
3、 news to meHe tells me that she is a teacherHe tells that she is a teacher to me3、主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语I find Chinese important 主谓宾补I find that we make a quick decision about this matter important 主 谓 宾语从句 补I find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter 主 谓 形式宾语 补 宾语从句I think it
4、 necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.4、宾语从句的省略形式：某些形容词后面可以带宾语从句，其形式为sb+be+形容词+that宾语从句: 这一类形容词通常是表示人物的心理，情感等状态的形容词如：sure, certain, glad, pleas
5、e, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised a. I am glad (that) you helped me.b、I am sure (that) you can pass the exam.1、I am glad of your help.2、I am sure about your exam.分析：上面句子中介词后面所跟成分都做介词宾语。我们完全可以将他们换 成 that+ 陈述句:3、I am glad of that you helped me.4、I am sure about that you can pass the exam.从
6、语法上讲，以上的结构都是正确的。但是，由于这样表达过于啰嗦，所以 我们可以将其简化，省去介词，由于它们是宾语从句，所以连同that也可以省 掉，因此，这是一种省略形式的宾语从句。表语从句 同样的道理，如果在主系表句型表语的位置上把表语变成一个 be 句型或者 do 句型，则称为表语从句。 The question is difficult _the question is how we make money .主语 系 表 主语 系 表语从句 The question is difficult the question is that she is a thief主语 系 表语从句 The q
7、uestion is difficultthe question is that there is a thief in the room主语 系 表语从句 事实是因为每个人都要生活 the fact is because everyone must live小结：表语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称 呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，表语从句无需特别学习。但要注意以下几 点：1、不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句（as if例外）。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.（错误）R
8、ight: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.（正确）2、that 在表语从句中不可以省掉。the question is that she is a thief3、注意比较That is because.”句型与that is why句型“That is because.”与“That is why”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由，“That is why”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。例如：1：He did not see the film last night.That is
9、because he had to help his little sister with her homework.2、He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）4、当主语是reason, fact，idea等抽象名词时，表语从句的连接词应该用that The reason is that he didn t go to school The traditional view iswe sleep because our brain is programmed
10、”tomake us do so.A when B. whyC. whetherD. that You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this isI disagree.A. why B. where C. whatD. how主语从句 如果将主谓宾或主系表的主语扩展成为一个句子，称为主语从句： The question is difficult that she makes money is difficult主语 系 表 主语从句 系 表it is difficult that she makes money形式主语 系 表 真
11、正的主语It= that she makes money 主语从句的结构：it is.that the cat is a factthat there is a cat in the room is a fact主语从句it is a fact that there is a cat in the room形式主语 系 表 真正主语 he knows the newsthat he knows the news surprises meIt surprises me that he knows the news 小结：主语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称 呼不同而已，因
12、此掌握宾语从句以后，主语从句无需特别学习。但需要注意两点：1, 主语从句有形式主语 it2, 引导词if不能引导主语从句，只能用whether.（or not）If 不能引导主语从句他明天是否上学还不知道 if he will go to schoolis unclear （错误）it is unclear if he will go to school （错误）Whether he will go to school is unclear It is unclear whether he will go to school （正确）3, 以下几点需要注意：It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
13、It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接 词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分， 都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It was the football team and It had(who) helped the old man 4、(1) 主系表的主语从句形式 it +系+表+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is natural that 很自然(2)主谓宾的主语从句形式：
14、it+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+从句 (3)主谓的主语从句形式： it +谓语(不及物动词)从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) 主谓宾宾的主语从句形式： it +谓语+宾语+宾语+从句(5) 主谓宾补的主语从句形式： it +谓语+宾语+补语+从句巩固练习1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only they need. A. whereB. whichC. whenD. what2. Shed like to offer money to needs it to
15、continue his or her study.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever3. -If you are admitted to a key university, as a prize?- Im looking for a cell phone.A. What you expect your father will offer youB. Do you expect what your father will offer youC. What do you expect will your father offer youD. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at he thought was a reasonable price.A. thatB. which C. what D. as5. Generally speaking, we have seen seem
