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1、题型专题探究专题十八完形填空1完形填空是一种旨在考查考生对语法和词汇知识综合运用的能力以及对语篇的理解能力的典型题型。它介于单项填空和阅读理解之间，结合了这两种题型的优点，既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。近几年的完形填空题降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查对短文的整体理解、上下文的段落衔接、分析和推理判断能力。2中考对完形填空的考查重点是：（1）词汇。考查的内容有近义词的区别、名词和代词、形容词和副词、介词和连词、动词和短语动词及词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。（2）语法。考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态、
2、语态，主谓一致，动词不定式，动词ing形式的用法等。（3）句型。考查我们在学习过程中接触到的许多特殊句型。（4）结构。文章中简单句的基本类型，句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上下文之间的逻辑关系。也就是说，完形填空题是在整体感知短文内容的基础上，着重对语法、固定用法及习惯用语的考查。3考查的方式主要有：选择型完形填空。选择型完形填空是中考中最常见的一种完形填空题型。文章通常设置10个空白，对每个空白处提供三个选项，要求考生从所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使文章句意通顺、内容完整。选择型完形填空的解题方法：1重视首句，把握开篇完形填空一般无标题，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。细读首
3、句，可判断文章体裁，同时可预测文章的主旨和大意。2浏览全文，掌握大意解题前，要快速浏览全文，了解文章的基本内容和整体结构。首先要跳过空白处，遇到对意思理解不透的地方时，仍要快速阅读下去，不要把时间浪费在对个别字句的推敲上，应全力以赴捕捉可能获得的所有信息，尽快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中所涉及的“W”，即：who（人物），what（事件），when（时间），where（地点），why（原因），whose（相互关系）。切忌看一空填一空，以免断章取义，误解作者的本意。3瞻前顾后，逐步填空“瞻前顾后”，即答题时要回顾上文，兼顾下文。如果一句中有两个空白处待填，先要在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案
4、。4抓住关键词，根据上下文解题解题时，要善于发现文章中起重要作用的关键词、短语或句子，以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系，做到言之有据。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。5通读全文，验证答案把填好的短文通读一遍，将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。进行核查时注意以下三点：（1）上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。（2）语法和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至可以从语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。（3）段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连
5、贯。总之，解答选择型完形填空题，不仅需要扎实的语言基本功与严密的逻辑推理能力，还需要加强阅读训练，掌握正确的解题方法和技巧，只有这样，才能在考试时得心应手，考出好成绩。【例】 （2012湖南湘潭中考）Jody was ten years old when he decided he needed a job.He thought it might be_1_to keep worms（虫）He could sell them to farmers.So in _2_，he bought many worms.But that winter the cold weather killed all
6、 the worms because he had not put them in a _3_place.The next spring Jody_4_again.He bought more worms.When winter came，he took them inside so they would stay warm.Many farmers bought his worms.One day when Jody was twelve，he got_5_.It was from State of New York.The letter said，“Everyone who_6_thing
7、s has to pay taxes（税）！” Jody made only one dollar selling worms.But he still_7_to pay part of that money to the state.He told many people in his town what had_8_.A reporter_9_Jody on TV.Many people saw it and they began to write letters to the state.The letters said that the law was unfair.Finally t
8、he law was _10_.Children like Jody can now sell things without paying taxes to the state.1A.boring BluckyCinteresting2A.autumn Bspring Cwinter3A.warm Bclean Cnice4A.tried Bwaited Cfailed5A.a present Ba letter Can email6A.buys Bsells Cfeeds7A.hoped Bwanted Chad8A.happened Bappeared Cfollowed9A.saw Bp
9、layed with Creported10A.passed Bchanged Cmoved答案与解析：1Cboring“乏味的”；lucky“幸运的”；interesting“令人感兴趣的”。2B由第二段的首句可知“The next spring.”可知乔迪在春天买的虫子。3A由常识可知虫子在冬天冻死是因为乔迪没有把它们放到暖和的地方。4Atry“尝试”。由第二段的内容可知乔迪第二年又尝试了。5B由下文可知乔迪收到的是一封信件。6B由本段内容可知信件中说的是每个卖东西的人都需要交税。7Chave to“不得不”，其后跟动词原形。8A句意：他告诉了他镇里的许多人发生的事情。happen“发生”
10、。9C由常识可知记者就是报道事情的。10A由本段内容可知不公平的法律被废除了。A（2012湖南邵阳中考）Do you know Lena？Lena was born without arms or one leg.When her parents_1_saw her，they felt sad and worried.But they _2_ hoped that she could learn to do things by herself.They didnt want her to_3_ “special” because of her “special body”So they let
11、 Lena _4_everything.Little by little，Lena was never afraid of trying.With only one leg，Lena still learned to swim at the age _5_ three and she even broke a world recorder when she was 18.Without arms，she still learned to use needles（缝衣针），and she _6_even make her own clothes.Whats _7_，she can also dr
12、ive a car，paint，use a computer，play the piano，_8_even eat with chopsticks.Lena studied music in high school and university.Now shes a worldfamous _9_.Can you believe she has done all these only with one leg？Its never an easy thing，but she said，“Theres _10_ difficult in my life.”1A.first Bone Cthe fi
13、rst2A.even Bstill Cever3A.hear Bsee Cfeel4A.try Btrying Ctried5A.of Bin Cat6A.can Bshould Cmust7A.less Bmore Cworse8A.but Bor Cand9A.singer Bwriter Cteacher10A.something Banything CnothingB（2012湖南郴州中考）I have a strong and faithful（忠实的）dog，Bruce.The dog likes _11_with me.Sometimes he also follows my f
14、ather to work.One morning when my father worked in the field，he _12_his coat and put it on the ground under a big tree.He turned to the dog and said，“_13_my coat，Bruce！”Bruce sat down on the coat.Later my father remembered he had to buy some food._14_he hurried to the shop._15_shopping，he went home
15、directly and forgot all about his _16_ and the dog.Late in the evening I looked for his dog _17_ in the house，but I _18_ find him.At this time，my father suddenly remembered his coat and the dog.He went back to the tree _19_.He found that Bruce was _20_ sitting on the coat!11A.playing Bdealing Cagreeing12A.took out Btook off Ctook
