形容词讲解(修改版)

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1、形容词考点一、考纲:1、形容词的用法和位置2、形容词比较级和最高级的构成3、形容词的比较记和最高级的用法二、形容词讲解(1 )形容词位置和用法: A1作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,Its a cold and windy day.2作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,He looks happy today.3形容词修饰 something , anything , nothing , everything 等复合不定代词时, 须放在其后。例如,Would you like something hot to drink ?4表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,Ho

2、w long is the river ? Its about two hundred metres long.5只能作表语的形容词 :afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,The man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊 毛质的;elder年长的例如,My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is

3、elder.(误)7貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可 爱的;ugly丑陋的8复合形容词 :snow-white 雪白的 English-speaking 说英语的;glass-topped 玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的; man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。 B结构1“Its +adj+of+sb+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),ki

4、nd(友善的), nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细 心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,Its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话, 真粗鲁。Its foolish of hi

5、m to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2“I ts+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult困难 的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒 适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,Its not easy for them to learn a forei

6、gn language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on

7、time is necessary for us.对 于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3、“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,Tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。4、“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙.例如,This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。1、表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),t

8、hankful(感 激的)等常接不定式。例如,Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新 闻,我非常难过。2、表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(定), certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如,Lei Feng is always ready to help others雷锋总是乐于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.他 一定会按时到校。3只能修饰形容词原级的词,very,quite,so,too例如,He is

9、too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。多个形容词修饰名词时的排序问题1. 口诀法:美小圆旧黄法国木书房(注:美:外观小:大笑圆:形状旧:新旧黄:颜色 法国:国籍 木:材料 书房:名词)2. 字母:opshacom (考点)(op:opinion (观点)sha:shape(形状)c: color (颜色)o: origin (国籍)m:material (材料)(2)形容词比较级和最高级的构成A规则变化1. 一般在词尾直接加 er 或

10、 est,例如,tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4. 重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如, big-bigger-biggest5. 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级, 例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly; beautiful-mor

11、e beautiful-most beautifulB不规则变化双音节词只能加more和most.(3)形容词比较级与最高级的用法:A、比较级的用法1可以修饰比较级的词,much, a lot, far.的多a little, a bit,.一点 even甚至,still仍然例如,Lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She dri

12、ves still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2比较级常用的句型结构注意点:a要避免重复使用比较级。(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is cleverer than his brother.b、要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)China is larger that any country in Asia.对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.c、要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。The populati

13、on of shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.D、要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,比较: Which is large, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters.结构前面才有可能有名词。Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is the taller of the two sisters.“甲+be+(倍数)+

14、形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙.”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,Tom is taller than kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何 一个人/物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如,The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in china.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the othe

15、r rivers in china.长江比中国的任何一条其他 的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in china 长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is the longest river in china.长江是中国最长的河流。“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+oF the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如,Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟是两 个当中较高的那个。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautifu l.花儿越来越漂亮。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如,The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如

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